Aldehyde-conjugated chitosan-graphene oxide glucodynamers: Ternary cooperative assembly and controlled chemical release.

Simultaneous condensation of aromatic aldehydes (ArCHO; x = 1-4) on chitosan biopolymer (CS) affords, after water-evaporation, structurally-conjugated aryl-functionalized CS-Ar-f films. Similarly, cooperative assembly of two-dimensional nanometric graphene oxide (GO), aromatic aldehyde and chitosan provides transparent, flexible and crack-free aldehyde-functionalized, ternary-reinforced CS-Ar-GO-f nanocomposite films. Homogenous films were obtained using ortho-hydroxybenzaldehyde Ar while the para-hydroxybenzaldehyde Ar was prone to packing inside. Textural and mechanical properties were investigated and expectedly, significant improvement was found for CS-Ar-GO-f because of the great dispersion of the aromatic and the presence of the filler. The sensitivity of unsaturated CN imine bond to hydrolysis was explored for triggering controlled release of aromatics from the as-prepared films. All of them were found to induce a time-dependent aromatic release. It has been moreover observed that the release was significantly delayed in CS-Ar-GO-f compared to CS-Ar-f, a fact attributed to the interplay of the ring with the basal and edges of graphene oxide, through π-π stacking and additional hydrogen bonding interactions. This finding shows that beyond the conventional wisdom using fillers for improving thermal and mechanical properties, the tiny carbon sheets can act as a regulator for aldehyde release, thereby providing a way for more controlled chemical delivery from confined nanocomposites.