Bio-Design Research Group, Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 26;21(1):177. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010177.
Gangliosides are series of glycosphingolipids containing sialic acids in the oligosaccharide portion in mammalian cells. Gangliosides are a component of cellular membranes and play roles in modulating membrane function and the activity of membrane proteins. Abnormal expression and metabolism of gangliosides lead to the onset of several conditions in humans, such as neurologic diseases, diabetes, and cancer. A number of studies have been carried out to date to investigate the role of gangliosides in these diseases, and the effect of diet on tissue expression of gangliosides has recently become a topic of interest in this field. As gangliosides are degraded in the intestinal tract, ingested food-derived gangliosides are not directly absorbed into tissues in vivo, but the degradation products can be absorbed and affect ganglioside expression in the tissues. Recent studies have also shown that the expression of gangliosides in tissue cells can be indirectly induced by controlling the expression of ganglioside metabolism-related genes via the diet. These results indicate that dietary control can regulate the expression levels of gangliosides in tissues, which is expected to play a role in preventing and treating ganglioside-related diseases. This review introduces recent studies on the effect of diet on the expression of gangliosides in tissues, with a focus on our findings.
神经节苷脂是哺乳动物细胞中含有唾液酸的糖脂系列，是细胞膜的组成部分，在调节膜功能和膜蛋白活性方面发挥作用。神经节苷脂的异常表达和代谢会导致人类出现多种疾病，如神经疾病、糖尿病和癌症。迄今为止，已经进行了许多研究来探讨神经节苷脂在这些疾病中的作用，以及饮食对组织神经节苷脂表达的影响最近成为该领域的一个研究热点。由于神经节苷脂在肠道中被降解，摄入的食物来源的神经节苷脂不会直接被吸收到体内组织中，但其降解产物可以被吸收，并影响组织中的神经节苷脂表达。最近的研究还表明，通过饮食控制与神经节苷脂代谢相关基因的表达，可以间接诱导组织细胞中神经节苷脂的表达。这些结果表明，饮食控制可以调节组织中神经节苷脂的表达水平，有望在预防和治疗神经节苷脂相关疾病方面发挥作用。本综述介绍了饮食对组织中神经节苷脂表达影响的最新研究进展，重点介绍了我们的研究结果。
