Biotechnology and Structural Biology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Dec 26;17(1):181. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17010181.
In the next century, global warming, due to changes in climatic factors, is expected to have an enormous influence on the interactions between pathogens and their hosts. Over the years, the rate at which vector-borne diseases and their transmission dynamics modify and develop has been shown to be highly dependent to a certain extent on changes in temperature and geographical distribution. Schistosomiasis has been recognized as a tropical and neglected vector-borne disease whose rate of infection has been predicted to be elevated worldwide, especially in sub-Saharan Africa; the region currently with the highest proportion of people at risk, due to changes in climate. This review not only suggests the need to develop an efficient and effective model that will predict spp. population dynamics but seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of several current control strategies. The design of a framework model to predict and accommodate the future incidence of schistosomiasis in human population dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa is proposed. The impact of climate change on schistosomiasis transmission as well as the distribution of several freshwater snails responsible for the transmission of parasites in the region is also reviewed. Lastly, this article advocates for modelling several control mechanisms for schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa so as to tackle the re-infection of the disease, even after treating infected people with praziquantel, the first-line treatment drug for schistosomiasis.
在下个世纪，由于气候因素的变化，预计全球变暖将对病原体与其宿主之间的相互作用产生巨大影响。多年来，虫媒传染病及其传播动态的变化和发展速度在很大程度上取决于温度和地理分布的变化。血吸虫病已被认为是一种热带被忽视的虫媒传染病，其感染率预计将在全球范围内上升，尤其是在撒哈拉以南非洲；由于气候变化，该地区目前面临的风险人群比例最高。本综述不仅建议需要开发一种能够预测 spp. 种群动态的高效、有效的模型，还试图评估几种现有控制策略的有效性。提出了一种框架模型来预测和适应撒哈拉以南非洲人类人口动态中血吸虫病未来发病率。还审查了气候变化对血吸虫病传播的影响以及该地区几种负责传播寄生虫的淡水蜗牛的分布。最后，本文提倡对撒哈拉以南非洲的几种血吸虫病控制机制进行建模，以解决即使在使用治疗血吸虫病的一线药物吡喹酮治疗感染人群后，该疾病再次感染的问题。
