Silvestri Rosalia, Aricò Irene
University of Messina, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Sleep Medicine Centerof the Neurophysiopathology and Movement Disorders Unit - Messina - Messina - Italy.
Sleep Sci. 2019 Jul-Sep;12(3):232-239. doi: 10.5935/1984-0063.20190098.
Anatomical, physiological, psychological and hormonal alterations affect sleep during pregnancy. Sleep appears tobe commonly impaired only after the first trimester. Albeit objective data regarding the reduction of sleep durationand efficiency are not univocal, poor sleep is reported by over half of pregnant women. The reasons underlyingthese complaints are multiple, including lower back pain, gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD), increasedmicturition and repositioning difficulties at night. Specific primary sleep disorders whose prevalence drasticallyincreases during pregnancy include obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and restless legs syndrome (RLS), both relatedto gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Pre-eclampsia and labor complicationsleading to an increased number of cesarean sections and preterm births correlate with insomnia and OSA inparticular. Post-partum depression (PPD) and impairment of the mother-infant relationship may also be consideredas secondary effects deriving from poor sleep during pregnancy. Recognition and treatment of sleep disordersshould be encouraged in order to protect maternal and fetal health and prevent dire consequences at birth.
解剖学、生理学、心理学和激素变化会影响孕期睡眠。睡眠似乎通常仅在孕早期后才会受到损害。尽管关于睡眠时间和效率降低的客观数据并不一致，但超过半数的孕妇报告睡眠质量差。这些抱怨背后的原因是多方面的，包括腰痛、胃食管反流病（GERD）、夜间排尿增多和翻身困难。在孕期患病率急剧增加的特定原发性睡眠障碍包括阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）和不宁腿综合征（RLS），两者均与妊娠期高血压和妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）有关。先兆子痫和分娩并发症导致剖宫产和早产数量增加，尤其与失眠和OSA相关。产后抑郁症（PPD）和母婴关系受损也可被视为孕期睡眠不佳产生的继发影响。应鼓励对睡眠障碍进行识别和治疗，以保护母婴健康并防止出生时出现严重后果。
