Hassan Faiz-Ul, Nawaz Ayesha, Rehman Muhammad S, Ali Muhammad A, Dilshad Syed M R, Yang Chengjian
Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530001, China.
Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
Anim Nutr. 2019 Dec;5(4):340-350. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.06.005. Epub 2019 Jun 28.
Heat stress induced by long periods of high ambient temperature decreases animal productivity, leading to heavy economic losses. This devastating situation for livestock production is even becoming worse under the present climate change scenario. Strategies focused to breed animals with better thermo-tolerance and climatic resilience are keenly sought these days to mitigate impacts of heat stress especially in high input livestock production systems. The 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) are a protein family known for its potential role in thermo-tolerance and widely considered as cellular thermometers. HSP70 function as molecular chaperons and have major roles in cellular thermotolerance, apoptosis, immune-modulation and heat stress. Expression of is controlled by various factors such as, intracellular pH, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP), protein kinase C and intracellular free calcium, etc. Over expression of 0 has been observed under oxidative stress leading to scavenging of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and protection of pulmonary endothelial barrier against bacterial toxins. Polymorphisms in flanking and promoter regions in gene have shown association with heat tolerance, weaning weight, milk production, fertility and disease susceptibility in livestock. This review provides insight into pivotal roles of HSP70 which make it an ideal candidate genetic marker for selection of animals with better climate resilience, immune response and superior performance.
长时间的高环境温度所引发的热应激会降低动物的生产性能，导致巨大的经济损失。在当前的气候变化情景下，这种对畜牧业极具破坏性的情况甚至正在恶化。如今，人们急切地寻求培育具有更好耐热性和气候适应能力的动物的策略，以减轻热应激的影响，特别是在高投入的畜牧生产系统中。70 kDa热休克蛋白（HSP70）是一个蛋白质家族，因其在耐热性方面的潜在作用而闻名，被广泛视为细胞温度计。HSP70作为分子伴侣，在细胞耐热性、细胞凋亡、免疫调节和热应激中发挥着重要作用。其表达受多种因素控制，如细胞内pH值、环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）、蛋白激酶C和细胞内游离钙等。在氧化应激下已观察到其过表达，从而清除线粒体活性氧并保护肺内皮屏障免受细菌毒素侵害。HSP70基因侧翼和启动子区域的多态性已显示与家畜的耐热性、断奶体重、产奶量、繁殖力和疾病易感性有关。本综述深入探讨了HSP70的关键作用，这使其成为选择具有更好气候适应能力、免疫反应和优异性能的动物的理想候选遗传标记。
