UMR CNRS/MNHN 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 894 INSERM, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France.
UMR CNRS/MNHN 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2020 Jun 8;100:109854. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109854. Epub 2019 Dec 28.
The neuroendocrine system (NES) plays a crucial role in synchronizing the physiology and behavior of the whole organism in response to environmental constraints. The NES consists of a hypothalamic-pituitary-target organ axis that acts in coordination to regulate growth, reproduction, stress and basal metabolism. The growth (or somatotropic), hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes are therefore finely tuned by the hypothalamus through the successive release of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones to control the downstream physiological functions. These functions rely on a complex set of mechanisms requiring tight synchronization between peripheral organs and the hypothalamic-pituitary complex, whose functionality can be altered during aging. Here, we review the results of research on the effects of aging on the NES of nonhuman primate (NHP) species in wild and captive conditions. A focus on the age-related dysregulation of the master circadian pacemaker, which, in turn, alters the synchronization of the NES with the organism environment, is proposed. Finally, practical and ethical considerations of using NHP models to test the effects of nutrition-based or hormonal treatments to combat the deterioration of the NES are discussed.
神经内分泌系统 (NES) 在协调整个生物体的生理和行为以应对环境约束方面起着至关重要的作用。NES 由下丘脑-垂体-靶器官轴组成，协调作用以调节生长、繁殖、应激和基础代谢。因此，生长（或生长激素）、下丘脑-垂体-性腺 (HPG)、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺 (HPA) 和下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺 (HPT) 轴通过下丘脑连续释放下丘脑和垂体激素来精细调节，以控制下游的生理功能。这些功能依赖于一套复杂的机制，需要外周器官和下丘脑-垂体复合体之间的紧密同步，其功能在衰老过程中可能会发生改变。在这里，我们回顾了在野生和圈养条件下研究衰老对非人类灵长类动物（NHP）物种 NES 影响的结果。提出了关注与年龄相关的主生物钟节律器失调，这反过来又改变了 NES 与生物体环境的同步性。最后，讨论了使用 NHP 模型测试基于营养或激素治疗以对抗 NES 恶化的效果的实际和伦理考虑。
