National Research Council (CNR), Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padua, Italy.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1216:29-38. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-33330-0_4.
This chapter focuses on the epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in elderly adults who are 65 or older. Risk factors for morbidity and mortality, as well as variables associated with disability and physical and social functional decline in the elderly individuals are considered. Modifiable risk factors, such as life habits are differentiated from unmodifiable ones, such as age and sex. The chapter concentrates in particular on the impact of hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes on cardiovascular diseases and mortality, as well as the effect of cigarettes smoking, physical activity, obesity and isolation on cardiovascular diseases and quality of life. The results demonstrate that cardiovascular diseases are not necessarily a consequence of aging; instead, they are often linked to modifiable risk factors. We can conclude that specific, targeted prevention interventions should preferably be implemented when individuals are young, but they are also useful in the elderly not only to prolong life but also to improve their quality of life.
本章重点介绍 65 岁及以上老年人的心血管疾病流行病学。考虑了发病率和死亡率的风险因素，以及与老年人残疾以及身体和社会功能下降相关的变量。可改变的风险因素，如生活习惯，与不可改变的因素，如年龄和性别进行了区分。本章特别关注高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病对心血管疾病和死亡率的影响，以及吸烟、身体活动、肥胖和孤独对心血管疾病和生活质量的影响。结果表明，心血管疾病不一定是衰老的结果，而是通常与可改变的风险因素有关。我们可以得出结论，特定的、有针对性的预防干预措施最好在年轻时实施，但在老年人中也很有用，不仅可以延长寿命，还可以提高生活质量。
