Abrignani Maurizio Giuseppe, Lucà Fabiana, Abrignani Vincenzo, Pelaggi Giuseppe, Aiello Alessandro, Colivicchi Furio, Fattirolli Francesco, Gulizia Michele Massimo, Nardi Federico, Pino Paolo Giuseppe, Parrini Iris, Rao Carmelo Massimiliano
O.U. Cardiology-ICCU, P. Borsellino Hospital, ASP Trapani, 91025 Marsala, Italy.
O.U. Interventional Cardiology, Bianchi Melacrino Morelli Hospital, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2024 Jul 25;13(15):4350. doi: 10.3390/jcm13154350.
The global population is experiencing an aging trend; however, this increased longevity is not necessarily accompanied by improved health in older age. A significant consequence of this demographic shift is the rising prevalence of multiple chronic illnesses, posing challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Aging is a major risk factor for multimorbidity, which marks a progressive decline in resilience and a dysregulation of multisystem homeostasis. Cardiovascular risk factors, along with aging and comorbidities, play a critical role in the development of heart disease. Among comorbidities, age itself stands out as one of the most significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease, with its prevalence and incidence notably increasing in the elderly population. However, elderly individuals, especially those who are frail and have multiple comorbidities, are under-represented in primary and secondary prevention trials aimed at addressing traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. There are concerns regarding the optimal intensity of treatment, taking into account tolerability and the risk of drug interactions. Additionally, uncertainty persists regarding therapeutic targets across different age groups. This article provides an overview of the relationship between aging and cardiovascular disease, highlighting various cardiovascular prevention issues in the elderly population.
全球人口正呈现老龄化趋势;然而,寿命的延长并不一定伴随着老年健康状况的改善。这种人口结构转变的一个重要后果是多种慢性病的患病率不断上升,给全球医疗系统带来了挑战。衰老是多种疾病并发的主要风险因素,这标志着恢复力的逐渐下降和多系统内稳态的失调。心血管危险因素,连同衰老和合并症,在心脏病的发展中起着关键作用。在合并症中,年龄本身是心血管疾病最重要的危险因素之一,在老年人群中其患病率和发病率显著增加。然而,在旨在解决传统心血管危险因素(如高胆固醇血症、糖尿病和高血压)的一级和二级预防试验中,老年个体,尤其是那些体弱且患有多种合并症的个体,代表性不足。考虑到耐受性和药物相互作用的风险,人们对治疗的最佳强度存在担忧。此外,不同年龄组的治疗靶点仍存在不确定性。本文概述了衰老与心血管疾病之间的关系,强调了老年人群中的各种心血管预防问题。
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