School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Mar;27(8):8224-8230. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07016-7. Epub 2020 Jan 3.
Cadmium (Cd), one of the harmful heavy metals, and its accumulation or pollution might cause itai-itai disease. In this study, we investigated the dietary exposure of Cd among residents in Northeast China (including Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces) and also compared the health risks in adult males in terms of dietary intake. Cd contents in 12 categories of foods were derived from original data from the 5th China Total Diet Study (TDS). The following results were obtained in this study: (i) dietary exposure levels of Cd at the margin of safety (MOS) were 4.55, 1.82, and 2.85 in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces, respectively; (ii) the primary dietary sources of Cd included cereals, legumes, potatoes, meat, aquatic products, and vegetables; (iii) Cd contents in the same food category from different regions were not significantly different from the limit of China's National Standards (LCNSs); (iv) dietary exposure of Cd would not have a detrimental effect on the health of residents in Northeast China; (v) we recommend the government to take precedence of the supervision and spot-checking of cereals, legume-nuts, potatoes, meat, aquatic products, vegetables, and alcoholic beverages because of the higher dietary consumption than others; (vi) 99.99% of the Cd content in cereals, legumes, vegetables, meat, and aquatic products sold in Northeast China was less than the LCNSs at the present situation; and (vii) the harmful effects of Cd to human beings are associated with the Cd content in foods and the consumption of such foods.
镉（Cd）是有害重金属之一，其积累或污染可能导致痛痛病。本研究调查了中国东北地区（包括黑龙江、吉林和辽宁三省）居民的膳食镉暴露情况，并比较了成年男性在膳食摄入方面的健康风险。12 类食物中的镉含量来自第五次中国总膳食研究（TDS）的原始数据。本研究得出以下结果：（i）黑龙江、吉林和辽宁三省的安全边际（MOS）膳食镉暴露水平分别为 4.55、1.82 和 2.85；（ii）镉的主要膳食来源包括谷物、豆类、土豆、肉类、水产品和蔬菜；（iii）不同地区同种类食物的镉含量与中国国家标准（LCNSs）的限量值没有显著差异；（iv）镉的膳食暴露不会对中国东北地区居民的健康造成不利影响；（v）我们建议政府优先监督和抽查谷物、豆类、土豆、肉类、水产品、蔬菜和酒精饮料，因为这些食物的膳食消费更高；（vi）在当前情况下，中国东北地区销售的谷物、豆类、蔬菜、肉类和水产品中，99.99%的镉含量低于 LCNSs；（vii）镉对人类的有害影响与食物中的镉含量和这些食物的消费有关。
