Institute of Fisheries, State Research Centre for Agriculture and Fisheries Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Fischerweg 408, 18069, Rostock, Germany.
Center of Natural History, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2020 Feb;412(5):1181-1192. doi: 10.1007/s00216-019-02346-4. Epub 2020 Jan 3.
For fish stock management and large-scale stocking programs, the chemical substance alizarin red S (ARS) is an important tool to mark fish permanently. Equally, for the IUCN red list species European eel (Anguilla anguilla), ARS is proven to be the most promising option for mass marking. ARS binds to calcified structures (i.e., bones and otoliths) and can be detected using a fluorescence microscope. Despite the frequent application of ARS, not only for eels but also for fish in general, until today, no study has evaluated its bioaccumulation potential. Therefore, the German Federal Risk Assessment Authority was unable to classify ARS as harmless because of a potential risk to consumers' health. Using the technique of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, an ARS detection protocol was developed and the bioaccumulation potential of ARS in European eel muscle tissue was estimated. A detection limit of 8.9 μg kg could be reached by optimizing the detection method in fish muscle tissue. In the current study, 250 eels between 6 and 57 cm of total length have been analyzed for ARS between 0 day and 3 years after the marking process. The highest concentration of ARS (6056 μg kg) was observed immediately after marking in the smallest length class. Only 1 year after the marking procedure, the ARS concentration was below detection limit. A new method for ARS detection in fish muscle tissue, followed by utilization on marked eels, was able to show that the bioaccumulation of ARS in edible fish muscle was highly unlikely.
对于鱼类种群管理和大规模放养计划，化学物质茜素红 S（ARS）是永久标记鱼类的重要工具。同样，对于世界自然保护联盟红色名录物种欧洲鳗（Anguilla anguilla），ARS 被证明是大规模标记的最有前途的选择。ARS 与钙化结构（即骨骼和耳石）结合，并用荧光显微镜可以检测到。尽管 ARS 被频繁应用，不仅用于鳗鱼，也用于一般鱼类，但直到今天，尚无研究评估其生物累积潜力。因此，德国联邦风险评估局无法将 ARS 归类为无害物质，因为它对消费者健康存在潜在风险。使用液相色谱质谱技术，开发了一种 ARS 检测方案，并估计了 ARS 在欧洲鳗肌肉组织中的生物累积潜力。通过优化鱼类肌肉组织中的检测方法，可以达到 8.9μgkg 的检测限。在当前的研究中，对 6 至 57 厘米全长的 250 条鳗鱼进行了 ARS 分析，时间范围从标记后 0 天到 3 年。在最小长度类中，标记后立即观察到 ARS 的最高浓度（6056μgkg）。仅在标记程序 1 年后，ARS 浓度就低于检测限。一种新的鱼类肌肉组织中 ARS 检测方法，随后用于标记鳗鱼，表明 ARS 在可食用鱼类肌肉中的生物累积极不可能。
