Cancer Genomics Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA - Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India.
Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA.
Clin Chim Acta. 2020 Apr;503:1-18. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.12.028. Epub 2019 Dec 31.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an important novel class of non-coding RNAs having lengths of 200 nucleotides and low expression. The HOX Transcript Antisense Intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is one of the most extensively studied lncRNAs found dysregulated in human cancer. Although a growing body of evidence suggests a role fo HOTAIR in pathogenesis, disease progression, drug resistance and reduced survival, its mechanism of action remains largely unclear. Recent studies have identified that HOTAIR facilitates protein-protein interaction thereby affecting diverse pathways in cancer such as epigenetic reprogramming, protein stability and signal transduction. HOTAIR has been shown to promote tumor progression by regulating microRNA expression and function. Moreover, several HOTAIR gene variants have recently been identified and found to increase cancer susceptibility. Here we review recent data on the critical role of HOTAIR in human malignancy and its potential mechanism of action. A more comprehensive understanding of this unique lncRNA is critical to elucidating the pro-oncogenic function of HOTAIR its potential application in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
长链非编码 RNA（lncRNAs）是一类重要的新型非编码 RNA，其长度为 200 个核苷酸，表达水平较低。HOX 转录反义基因间 RNA（HOTAIR）是研究最为广泛的 lncRNA 之一，在人类癌症中发现存在失调。尽管越来越多的证据表明 HOTAIR 在发病机制、疾病进展、耐药性和降低生存率方面发挥作用，但它的作用机制在很大程度上仍不清楚。最近的研究表明，HOTAIR 促进蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用，从而影响癌症中的多种途径，如表观遗传重编程、蛋白质稳定性和信号转导。HOTAIR 通过调节 microRNA 的表达和功能来促进肿瘤的进展。此外，最近已经鉴定出几个 HOTAIR 基因变异体，发现它们增加了癌症的易感性。在这里，我们综述了 HOTAIR 在人类恶性肿瘤中的关键作用及其潜在作用机制的最新数据。更全面地了解这种独特的 lncRNA 对于阐明 HOTAIR 的致癌功能及其在诊断、预后和治疗中的潜在应用至关重要。
