[From digital virtual human, three-dimensional visualization to digital intelligence in liver surgery].

Digital intelligent hepatobiliary surgery has evolved over decades.It has experienced an evolution course from digital virtual human technology to the establishment of a quality-controlled and homogeneous three-dimensional visualization system for precision diagnosis and treatment of diseases, from three-dimensional visualization to the clinical transformation of digital intelligent technology and changes in the diagnosis and treatment model, from empirical diagnosis of diseases to the application of deep learning for the intelligent diagnosis and treatment of diseases, from empirical surgery to real-time multi-modal image guidance during surgery, and from the morphological diagnosis of tumors to accurate diagnosis from molecular imaging.During the whole process, only through continuous innovation in research, theory and technology can the "life" of digital intelligent surgery be endowed with new vitality.In the future, the definition of tumor boundary from the molecular and cellular levels and the early diagnosis and treatment of liver tumor through the functional visualization of key molecules will have significant clinical value for changing the prognosis of liver cancer.In addition, in order to realize intelligent navigation for hepatectomy and break through the technical bottleneck, it is of great clinical significance to develop an intelligent robot real-time navigation hepatectomy system with automatic navigation technology, machine learning intelligent planning technology and multimodal image fusion technology.This provides unprecedented opportunities and challenges for the development of digital intelligent hepatobiliary surgery.