Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
Food Funct. 2020 Jan 29;11(1):680-688. doi: 10.1039/c9fo02296a.
The application of solid-state fermentation for the production of value-added products from the agro- and food-industry residues has been recently investigated greatly. The white-rot basidiomycete Trametes versicolor is a widely used fungi for the degradation lignocellulosic material in solid-state conditions. Grape pomace constitutes the major by-product of Vitis vinifera L. and is a source of compounds with recognized health benefits. In this study, a process for treating grape pomace with Trametes versicolor for 15 days under solid-state conditions was developed, and the phenolic profile and anti-inflammatory potential of the grape pomace extracts before and after treatment was studied. The anti-inflammatory potential of the grape pomace extracts was studied via tests based on the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase and hyaluronidase, two key enzymes in inflammatory processes. A total of 24 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC methods. With the exception of anthocyanins, an increase in phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and the flavonol rutin was observed after a treatment period of 1-4 days with T. versicolor. Moreover, the increase in the phenolic content was accompanied by an enhancement in the anti-inflammatory activity of the grape pomace extracts, which was confirmed by the strong correlation between them. This is the first study providing evidence of the benefits of the application of fungal-based solid-state fermentation as an environmentally friendly process for the enhancement of the phenolic composition and anti-inflammatory potential of grape pomace, increasing the possibility of profiting from the great waste produced by the grape-processing industry.
近年来，人们对利用固态发酵技术从农业和食品工业废渣中生产增值产品进行了大量研究。白腐真菌糙皮侧耳（Trametes versicolor）是一种广泛用于降解木质纤维素材料的真菌，可在固态条件下使用。葡萄渣是酿酒葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）的主要副产物，也是具有公认健康益处的化合物的来源。在本研究中，开发了一种在固态条件下用糙皮侧耳（Trametes versicolor）处理葡萄渣 15 天的工艺，并研究了处理前后葡萄渣提取物的酚类组成和抗炎潜力。通过基于抑制 5-脂氧合酶和透明质酸酶的测试来研究葡萄渣提取物的抗炎潜力，这两种酶都是炎症过程中的关键酶。采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）共鉴定和定量了 24 种酚类化合物。除了花色苷外，用 T. versicolor 处理 1-4 天后，观察到酚酸、黄烷-3-醇和黄酮醇芦丁的含量增加。此外，酚类含量的增加伴随着葡萄渣提取物抗炎活性的增强，这两者之间存在很强的相关性，证实了这一点。这是第一项提供证据的研究，证明真菌固态发酵作为一种环保的方法，可增强葡萄渣的酚类组成和抗炎潜力，增加从葡萄加工行业产生的大量废物中获利的可能性。
