Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
PLoS One. 2020 Jan 7;15(1):e0227292. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227292. eCollection 2020.
We sought to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of dome-shaped macula (DSM) in children and adolescents with myopia.
A retrospective review of medical records was performed to identify subjects who were younger than 19 years with myopia of -3.0 diopters or greater. The results of optical coherence tomography images were analyzed to identify DSM. The height and diameter of the dome were measured. Age, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and refractive error of study participants who exhibited DSM were compared with those of patients who did not.
Among the 1,042 eyes of 615 patients, eight eyes (0.77%) of seven patients had DSM. Six of these eight eyes were not highly myopic (i.e., less than -6.0 diopters of spherical equivalents). Additionally, the mean height and diameter of the identified domes were 146.50 ± 42.33 μm and 4779.75 ± 699.38 μm, respectively. Patients with DSM were significantly older (mean age: 15.88 ± 2.36 years) than patients without it (11.51 ± 4.60 years; p = 0.007). The youngest affected patient was 11 years old. There was no significant difference in refractive errors (p = 0.629) or BCVA (p = 0.314) between the two groups.
Although the incidence in this study was very low, DSM was found even in children and adolescents. In addition, 75% of affected individuals were not highly myopic. These results suggest that inherent traits may be involved in development of DSM.
我们旨在评估近视儿童和青少年中穹顶形黄斑（DSM）的发生率和特征。
对病历进行回顾性分析，以确定年龄小于 19 岁且近视度数大于等于-3.0 屈光度的患者。分析光学相干断层扫描图像的结果以确定 DSM。测量穹顶的高度和直径。比较表现出 DSM 的研究参与者的年龄、最佳矫正视力（BCVA）和屈光不正与未表现出 DSM 的患者的这些参数。
在 615 名患者的 1042 只眼中，7 名患者的 8 只眼（0.77%）患有 DSM。这 8 只眼中的 6 只眼并非高度近视（即等效球镜度数小于-6.0 屈光度）。此外，确定的穹顶的平均高度和直径分别为 146.50±42.33μm 和 4779.75±699.38μm。患有 DSM 的患者明显比没有 DSM 的患者年龄更大（平均年龄：15.88±2.36 岁）（11.51±4.60 岁；p=0.007）。受影响的最小患者为 11 岁。两组之间的屈光不正（p=0.629）或 BCVA（p=0.314）无显著差异。
尽管本研究的发生率非常低，但仍发现 DSM 存在于儿童和青少年中。此外，75%的受影响个体并非高度近视。这些结果表明，内在特征可能与 DSM 的发展有关。
