Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Sorbonne University, USPC, University Paris Descartes, University Paris Diderot, ETRES Host Team, 75006, Paris, France.
Paris District Court, Paris, France.
J Transl Med. 2020 Jan 9;18(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s12967-019-02204-y.
BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI), with its seemingly limitless power, holds the promise to truly revolutionize patient healthcare. However, the discourse carried out in public does not always correlate with the actual impact. Thus, we aimed to obtain both an overview of how French health professionals perceive the arrival of AI in daily practice and the perception of the other actors involved in AI to have an overall understanding of this issue. METHODS: Forty French stakeholders with diverse backgrounds were interviewed in Paris between October 2017 and June 2018 and their contributions analyzed using the grounded theory method (GTM). RESULTS: The interviews showed that the various actors involved all see AI as a myth to be debunked. However, their views differed. French healthcare professionals, who are strategically placed in the adoption of AI tools, were focused on providing the best and safest care for their patients. Contrary to popular belief, they are not always seeing the use of these tools in their practice. For healthcare industrial partners, AI is a true breakthrough but legal difficulties to access individual health data could hamper its development. Institutional players are aware that they will have to play a significant role concerning the regulation of the use of these tools. From an external point of view, individuals without a conflict of interest have significant concerns about the sustainability of the balance between health, social justice, and freedom. Health researchers specialized in AI have a more pragmatic point of view and hope for a better transition from research to practice. CONCLUSION: Although some hyperbole has taken over the discourse on AI in healthcare, diverse opinions and points of view have emerged among French stakeholders. The development of AI tools in healthcare will be satisfactory for everyone only by initiating a collaborative effort between all those involved. It is thus time to also consider the opinion of patients and, together, address the remaining questions, such as that of responsibility.
背景：人工智能（AI）拥有似乎无限的力量，有望真正彻底改变患者的医疗保健方式。然而，公众的讨论并不总是与实际影响相关。因此，我们旨在了解法国卫生专业人员如何看待 AI 在日常实践中的到来，以及其他相关利益方对 AI 的看法，从而全面了解这一问题。
方法：2017 年 10 月至 2018 年 6 月期间，在巴黎对 40 名背景各异的法国利益相关者进行了采访，并使用扎根理论方法（GTM）对他们的贡献进行了分析。
结果：访谈表明，所有相关利益方都将 AI 视为一个需要破除的神话。然而，他们的观点存在差异。法国医疗保健专业人员处于采用 AI 工具的战略位置，专注于为患者提供最佳和最安全的护理。与普遍看法相反，他们在实践中并不总是看到这些工具的使用。对于医疗保健产业合作伙伴而言，AI 是一个真正的突破，但获取个人健康数据的法律困难可能会阻碍其发展。机构参与者意识到，他们将必须在这些工具的使用监管方面发挥重要作用。从外部角度来看，没有利益冲突的个人对健康、社会公正和自由之间的平衡可持续性表示严重关切。专门研究 AI 的健康研究人员持更务实的观点，希望更好地从研究过渡到实践。
结论：尽管在医疗保健领域 AI 的讨论中存在一些夸大其词的说法，但法国利益相关者之间已经出现了不同的意见和观点。只有通过所有相关方共同开展合作，才能使 AI 工具在医疗保健领域的发展令所有人满意。因此，现在也应该考虑患者的意见，并共同解决剩下的问题，例如责任问题。
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