Lin Caixiu, Zhao Shuai, Zhu Yueli, Fan Ziqi, Wang Jing, Zhang Baorong, Chen Yanxing
Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2019 Oct 24;17:1309-1317. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.09.008. eCollection 2019.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease which involves both the periphery and central nervous system (CNS). It has been recently recognized that gut microbiota interacts with the gut and brain (microbiota-gut-brain axis), contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota can induce increased intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation, which may lead to the development of AD pathologies and cognitive impairment via the neural, immune, endocrine, and metabolic pathways. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate immune system via recognizing microbes-derived pathogens and initiating the inflammatory process. TLRs have also been found in the brain, especially in the microglia, and have been indicated in the development of AD. In this review, we summarized the relationship between microbiota-gut-brain axis and AD, as well as the complex role of TLRs in AD. Intervention of the gut microbiota or modulation of TLRs properly might emerge as promising preventive and therapeutic strategies for AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种涉及外周和中枢神经系统（CNS）的多因素疾病。最近人们认识到，肠道微生物群与肠道和大脑相互作用（微生物群-肠道-脑轴），促进了神经退行性疾病如AD的发病机制。肠道微生物群的失调可导致肠道通透性增加和全身炎症，这可能通过神经、免疫、内分泌和代谢途径导致AD病理改变和认知障碍。Toll样受体（TLRs）通过识别微生物衍生的病原体并启动炎症过程，在先天免疫系统中发挥重要作用。TLRs也在大脑中被发现，尤其是在小胶质细胞中，并且已被证明与AD的发展有关。在这篇综述中，我们总结了微生物群-肠道-脑轴与AD之间的关系，以及TLRs在AD中的复杂作用。适当干预肠道微生物群或调节TLRs可能成为AD有前景的预防和治疗策略。
