Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2020 Apr;31(4):352-359. doi: 10.1111/clr.13573. Epub 2020 Jan 27.
Increased applications of ridge augmentation in the lingual posterior mandible call for an urgent need to study its anatomy. Therefore, our first aim was to validate ultrasound in measuring the mandibular lingual structures in human cadavers. Secondarily, to test its feasibility in imaging the lingual nerve in live humans.
Nine fresh un-embalmed fully/partially edentulous cadaver heads were utilized for aim 1. Three areas in the lingual mandible were imaged (mandibular premolar, molar, and retromolar). Immediately after, biopsies were harvested from each site. The thickness of the mucosa, mylohyoid muscle, and lingual nerve diameter was measured via ultrasound and statistically compared to histology. Similarly, the lingual nerve in live humans was also imaged.
None of the differences between the ultrasound and histology measurements reached statistical significance (p > .05). The mean mucosal thickness via ultrasound and histology was 1.45 ± 0.49 and 1.39 ± 0.50 mm, 5 mm lingual to the mylohyoid muscle attachment. At 10 mm beyond the attachment, the ultrasound and histologic values were 1.54 ± 0.48 and 1.37 ± 0.49, respectively. The mean muscle thickness measured via ultrasound and histology was 2.31 ± 0.56 and 2.25 ± 0.47 mm, at the 5 mm distance. At the 10 mm distance, the measurements were 2.46 ± 0.56 and 2.36 ± 0.5 mm, respectively. The mean ultrasonic lingual nerve diameter was 2.38 ± 0.44 mm, versus 2.43 ± 0.42 mm, with histology. The lingual nerve diameter on 19 live humans averaged to 2.01 ± 0.35 mm (1.4-3.1 mm).
Within its limitations, ultrasound accurately measured mandibular lingual soft tissue structures on cadavers, and the lingual nerve on live humans.
舌侧下颌后牙牙槽嵴增加的应用要求迫切需要研究其解剖结构。因此，我们的首要目标是验证超声在测量人尸体下颌舌侧结构中的应用。其次，测试其在活体人中成像舌神经的可行性。
为了实现目标 1，我们使用了 9 个未经防腐处理的完全/部分无牙尸体头颅。在下颌舌侧的三个区域（下颌前磨牙、磨牙和磨牙后区）进行成像。成像后，从每个部位采集活检。通过超声测量粘膜、下颌舌骨肌和舌神经直径的厚度，并与组织学进行统计学比较。同样，对活体人的舌神经进行成像。
超声和组织学测量之间没有差异达到统计学意义（p>.05）。通过超声和组织学测量的粘膜平均厚度分别为 1.45±0.49 和 1.39±0.50mm，位于下颌舌骨肌附着处 5mm 处。在附着处外 10mm 处，超声和组织学值分别为 1.54±0.48 和 1.37±0.49mm。通过超声和组织学测量的肌肉平均厚度分别为 2.31±0.56 和 2.25±0.47mm，距离为 5mm。在 10mm 处，测量值分别为 2.46±0.56 和 2.36±0.5mm。超声测量的平均舌神经直径为 2.38±0.44mm，与组织学测量值 2.43±0.42mm 相比。19 例活体人的舌神经直径平均为 2.01±0.35mm（1.4-3.1mm）。
在其限制范围内，超声准确地测量了尸体下颌舌侧软组织结构和活体人的舌神经。
