Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
Health Educ Behav. 2020 Feb;47(1):78-90. doi: 10.1177/1090198119889098. Epub 2019 Dec 9.
Settings-based approaches have become an increasing health promotion focus since the World Health Organization's 1986 Ottawa Charter. While schools, cities, and prisons have implemented this approach, its development within sports environments is recent. Sports are a popular leisure-time activity, requiring validated tools to measure health promotion activity. This study's aim was to develop a measurement tool based on international consensus that measures perceptions of health promotion within sports clubs. It is grounded in the settings-based approach and builds on theory from previous works expanding their context and knowledge. An online, three-round international Delphi study was conducted, inviting experts in sports and health fields to participate in designing the tool. Round 1 created a collaborative list of items; Round 2 validated items based on relevance, importance, and feasibility; and the final round classified items into one determinant category-social, cultural, environmental, or economic. Panelists (69 experts) from 13 countries participated, creating a final list of 62 items at 3 organizational levels; the sports club level included 23 items, the officials level retained 20 items, and the coaching level contained 19 items. This study provides several innovations: (1) applying the settings-based approach to health promotion within sports clubs, (2) defining each club level (sports club, official, coaching) and determinants (social, cultural, environmental, economic) within 3-levels, (3) creating a tool that measures perceptions of health-promotion activities per level and determinant, and (4) obtaining expert consensus on included items. These advancements allow further research on promoting health within sports clubs.
基于场所的方法自 1986 年世界卫生组织渥太华宪章发布以来，已成为健康促进的重点。虽然学校、城市和监狱已经实施了这种方法，但它在体育环境中的发展是最近的。体育是一种流行的休闲活动，需要经过验证的工具来衡量健康促进活动。本研究旨在开发一种基于国际共识的测量工具，用于测量体育俱乐部内的健康促进感知。它基于基于场所的方法，并建立在以前的工作理论基础上，扩展了其背景和知识。进行了一项在线的三轮国际 Delphi 研究，邀请体育和健康领域的专家参与设计工具。第一轮创建了一个协作项目清单；第二轮根据相关性、重要性和可行性验证项目；最后一轮将项目分为社会、文化、环境或经济一个决定因素类别。来自 13 个国家的 69 名专家参与了研究，最终确定了 62 个项目，分为 3 个组织层次；体育俱乐部层面包括 23 个项目，官员层面保留 20 个项目，教练层面包含 19 个项目。本研究提供了几个创新点：（1）将基于场所的方法应用于体育俱乐部内的健康促进；（2）定义每个俱乐部层面（体育俱乐部、官员、教练）和三个层面的决定因素（社会、文化、环境、经济）；（3）创建一个工具，用于衡量每个层面和决定因素的健康促进活动感知；（4）就包含的项目达成专家共识。这些进展允许进一步研究在体育俱乐部内促进健康。
