Department of Advanced Material Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia 50-370, Poland.
School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zographou Campus, GR-15780 Athens, Greece.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Apr 10;712:136365. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136365. Epub 2019 Dec 30.
The rapid growth of the global population and the resulting need to ensure sufficient food safety in highly productive agricultural practices. Intensive cultivation of plants contributes to the impoverishment of soils and thus forces farmers to apply intensive fertilization with microelements. Precise fertilization techniques are the future of agriculture, in which nutrients are supplied in controlled way with minimized losses to the environment, caused by leaching to groundwater. Kinetics of nutrients release should be thus adjusted to plant requirements and kinetics of uptake by the plant. The paper presents current achievements in the field of fertilizers with controlled release of microelements, which, apart from the main fertilizer components, are also very significant for proper plant growth. Fertilizers are divided into four basic groups, which include low-solubility fertilizers, fertilizers with external coating, bio-based and nano-fertilizers. Despite structural differences, all groups show properties of controlled microelement release. The paper presents new fertilization technologies with consideration of their influence on the environment.
全球人口的快速增长以及由此产生的确保高生产力农业实践中足够食品安全的需求。植物的集约化种植导致土壤贫瘠，因此迫使农民进行密集的微量元素施肥。精确施肥技术是农业的未来，在这种技术中，养分以受控的方式供应，最大限度地减少了因淋溶到地下水而对环境造成的损失。因此，养分释放的动力学应根据植物的需求和吸收动力学进行调整。本文介绍了在控制释放微量元素肥料领域的最新成果，除了主要的肥料成分外，这些成果对植物的正常生长也非常重要。肥料分为四大基本组，包括低溶解度肥料、外部涂层肥料、生物基和纳米肥料。尽管结构不同，但所有组都表现出控制微量元素释放的特性。本文介绍了新的施肥技术，并考虑了它们对环境的影响。
