Department of Dosage Form Technology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2020 Jan 10;56(1):29. doi: 10.3390/medicina56010029.
Even though many industrially manufactured medicines are available, extemporaneous preparations still have their niche in dermatology. In several countries, dermatovenerologists are one of the specialists prescribing extemporaneous medicines the most. In order to increase the quality of compounded medications and minimize risks to patient safety, several countries, for example, Germany and the United States of America (USA), created standardized compounded preparation monographs. Latvia, unlike these countries, does not have any officially approved standardized compounded preparation monographs. The purpose of this survey is to analyze the extemporaneous prescriptions prescribed by Latvian dermatovenerologists to identify the active ingredients, combinations of active ingredients, and excipients prescribed by dermatovenerologists the most often, and to find out how many active ingredients are most often compounded in different dosage forms. To understand whether the extemporaneous formulations used in Latvia for dermatological indications are evidence-based, they were compared with German and USA formulations.
A database was created entering data on all the prescriptions prepared in the selected pharmacies in 2017 to summarize information on extemporaneous prescriptions. The prescriptions prescribed by Latvian dermatovenerologists were selected and compared with German and USA formulations.
Data from 17 Latvian pharmacies were collected, and 2521 extemporaneous formulations were analyzed. In preparation of semi-solid dosage forms, 25 bulk drug substances and 37 industrially manufactured preparations were used; in preparation of suspensions, 25 bulk drug substances and 10 industrially manufactured preparations were used; in preparation of topical solutions, 23 bulk drug substances and two industrially manufactured preparations were used; in preparation of topical powders, nine bulk drug substances were used; in preparation of oral solutions, five bulk drug substances were used.
The analyzed prescriptions contained active ingredients used in Germany and the USA, as well as active ingredients, the use of which is limited in Germany and the USA. In Latvia, topical dosage forms containing two or more active ingredients are widely prescribed.
尽管有许多工业化生产的药品可供选择，但临时制剂在皮肤科仍有其应用领域。在许多国家，皮肤科医生是开具临时制剂最多的专家之一。为了提高复方制剂的质量并最大程度地降低患者安全风险，一些国家（如德国和美国）制定了标准化的临时制剂专论。与这些国家不同，拉脱维亚没有任何经官方批准的标准化临时制剂专论。本调查的目的是分析拉脱维亚皮肤科医生开具的临时处方，以确定皮肤科医生最常开具的活性成分、活性成分组合和赋形剂，并了解不同剂型中最常复合的活性成分数量。为了了解在拉脱维亚用于皮肤科适应证的临时制剂是否基于证据，将其与德国和美国的制剂进行了比较。
创建了一个数据库，其中包含了 2017 年在选定药房中制备的所有处方的数据，以汇总临时处方的信息。选择了拉脱维亚皮肤科医生开具的处方，并与德国和美国的制剂进行了比较。
收集了 17 家拉脱维亚药房的数据，共分析了 2521 种临时制剂。在半固体制剂的制备中，使用了 25 种原料药和 37 种工业化制剂；在混悬剂的制备中，使用了 25 种原料药和 10 种工业化制剂；在局部溶液的制备中，使用了 23 种原料药和 2 种工业化制剂；在局部粉末的制备中，使用了 9 种原料药；在口服溶液的制备中，使用了 5 种原料药。
分析的处方中包含了在德国和美国使用的活性成分，以及在德国和美国使用受限的活性成分。在拉脱维亚，广泛开具含有两种或两种以上活性成分的局部剂型处方。
