School of Professional Communication, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Hope and Healing International, Ontario, Canada.
Child Care Health Dev. 2020 May;46(3):249-267. doi: 10.1111/cch.12743. Epub 2020 Feb 3.
Resiliency has attracted a growing interest in paediatric rehabilitation as a key capacity for disabled children and their families to thrive. This study aimed to identify measures used to assess resiliency of disabled children/youth and their families and critically appraise the current use of resiliency measures to inform future research and practice.
A two-stage search strategy was employed. First, systematic reviews of resiliency measures published since 2000 were searched. Second, full names of measures identified in at least two systematic reviews were searched across four electronic databases. Included studies assessed resiliency among children/youth (0-18 years old) with chronic health conditions and/or disabilities and their families. Identified articles were then analysed to discern the study's definition of resiliency, authors' rationales for measurement selection, and types of perceived adversities facing the study participants.
From an initial yield of 25 measures identified in five systematic reviews, 11 were analysed in two or more reviews. The second stage yielded 41 empirical studies published between 2012 and 2018, which used 8 of the 11 resiliency measures searched by name. Of 41, 17 studies measured resiliency of disabled children/youth, 23 assessed resiliency within family members, and 1 studied both children/youth and their families. Our critical appraisal identified inconsistencies between the studies' definition of resiliency and chosen measures' operationalization, implicit assumption of disabilities as a developmental risk that automatically results in life adversities, and the tendency among family studies to reduce resiliency down to stress coping skills. Research that encompasses contextual factors and developmental influences is lacking.
There is a need for a situated measurement approach that captures multiple interacting factors shaping resiliency over one's life course. Resiliency measures would benefit from a greater focus on a person-environment transaction and an alternative definition of resiliency that accounts for multiple capacities to navigate through disabling environments.
弹性作为残疾儿童及其家庭茁壮成长的关键能力，在儿科康复领域引起了越来越多的关注。本研究旨在确定用于评估残疾儿童/青少年及其家庭弹性的测量方法，并批判性地评价当前使用弹性测量方法的情况，以为未来的研究和实践提供信息。
采用两阶段搜索策略。首先，搜索了 2000 年后发表的关于弹性测量的系统评价。其次，在四个电子数据库中搜索了至少在两项系统评价中确定的措施的全名。纳入的研究评估了患有慢性疾病和/或残疾的儿童/青少年（0-18 岁）及其家庭的弹性。然后分析了确定的文章，以辨别研究中弹性的定义、作者选择测量的理由以及研究参与者面临的感知逆境的类型。
从五项系统评价中确定的 25 项措施中，有 11 项在两项或更多项评价中进行了分析。第二阶段产生了 41 项发表于 2012 年至 2018 年之间的实证研究，这些研究通过名称搜索了 11 项弹性测量中的 8 项。在 41 项研究中，有 17 项研究了残疾儿童/青少年的弹性，23 项研究了家庭成员的弹性，1 项研究了儿童/青少年及其家庭的弹性。我们的批判性评价发现，研究中弹性的定义与所选措施的实施之间存在不一致，隐含的假设是残疾是一种发展风险，会自动导致生活逆境，以及家庭研究倾向于将弹性简化为应对压力的技能。缺乏涵盖背景因素和发展影响的研究。
需要一种情境测量方法，以捕捉塑造个人整个生命周期的弹性的多个相互作用的因素。弹性测量方法将受益于更加关注人与环境的相互作用，以及一种新的弹性定义，该定义考虑到通过残疾环境的多种能力。
