Wang Jing, Puel Jean-Luc
INSERM U051, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi-Bâtiment INM, 80, rue Augustin Fliche-BP 74103, 34091 Montpellier, France.
Montpellier Neuroscience Institute, University of Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France.
J Clin Med. 2020 Jan 14;9(1):218. doi: 10.3390/jcm9010218.
Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI), also referred to as presbycusis, is the most common sensory impairment seen in the elderly. As our cochlea, the peripheral organ of hearing, ages, we tend to experience a decline in hearing and are at greater risk of cochlear sensory-neural cell degeneration and exacerbated age-related hearing impairments, e.g., gradual hearing loss, deterioration in speech comprehension (especially in noisy environments), difficulty in the localization sound sources, and ringing sensations in the ears. However, the aging process does not affect people uniformly; nor, in fact, does the aging process appear to be uniform even within an individual. Here, we outline recent research into chronological cochlear age in healthy people, and exacerbated hearing impairments during aging due to both extrinsic factors including noise and ototoxic medication, and intrinsic factors such as genetic predisposition, epigenetic factors, and aging. We review our current understanding of molecular pathways mediating ARHL and discuss recent discoveries in experimental hearing restoration and future prospects.
年龄相关性听力减退（ARHI），也被称为老年性聋，是老年人中最常见的感觉障碍。随着我们的耳蜗（听力的外周器官）老化，我们往往会经历听力下降，并且耳蜗感觉神经细胞退化以及年龄相关性听力减退加剧（例如逐渐听力丧失、言语理解能力下降（尤其是在嘈杂环境中）、声源定位困难和耳鸣）的风险更高。然而，衰老过程对人的影响并不一致；事实上，即使在个体内部，衰老过程似乎也不一致。在这里，我们概述了关于健康人群按时间顺序的耳蜗年龄的最新研究，以及由于包括噪声和耳毒性药物在内的外在因素以及遗传易感性、表观遗传因素和衰老等内在因素导致的衰老过程中听力减退加剧的情况。我们回顾了目前对介导年龄相关性听力损失（ARHL）的分子途径的理解，并讨论了实验性听力恢复方面的最新发现以及未来前景。
