Richard J M, Louis J, Cantin D
Laboratoire de Chimie et Toxicologie, U.F.R. de Pharmacie, Université J. Fourier, Grenoble, France.
Arch Toxicol. 1988;62(2-3):242-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00570151.
Pure orellanine extracted from the mushroom Cortinarius orellanus is highly toxic in mice both when given intraperitoneally (LD50 = 12.5 mg/kg) or per os (LD50 = 90 mg/kg). The kidneys of mice injected i.p. with orellanine show similar tubular necrosis to that obtained with whole mushroom given per os. This demonstrates that orellanine is the true, principal toxin of C. orellanus. The similarity of the structures of the toxin and of bipyridinium herbicides such as methylviologen (paraquat) or the nephrotoxic diquat led other authors to presume a similar mechanism for orellanine toxicity. Our study of the electrochemical behaviour of orellanine shows that its mechanism of action has to be different from that of these poisons.
从奥来丝膜菌中提取的纯奥来毒素，无论是腹腔注射（半数致死量=12.5毫克/千克）还是口服（半数致死量=90毫克/千克），对小鼠都具有高毒性。腹腔注射奥来毒素的小鼠肾脏显示出与口服整个蘑菇所导致的类似肾小管坏死。这表明奥来毒素是奥来丝膜菌真正的主要毒素。该毒素与百草枯或具有肾毒性的敌草快等联吡啶类除草剂结构相似，这使得其他作者推测奥来毒素的毒性机制与之类似。我们对奥来毒素电化学行为的研究表明，其作用机制必定与这些毒物不同。
