Asplen Mark K
Natural Sciences Department, Metropolitan State University, Saint Paul, MN 55106, USA.
Insects. 2020 Jan 18;11(1):61. doi: 10.3390/insects11010061.
Gains in our knowledge of dispersal and migration in insects have been largely limited to either wing-dimorphic species or current genetic model systems. Species belonging to these categories, however, represent only a tiny fraction of insect biodiversity, potentially making generalization problematic. In this perspective, I present three topics in which current and future research may lead to greater knowledge of these processes in wing-monomorphic insects with limited existing molecular tools. First, threshold genetic models are reviewed as testable hypotheses for the heritability of migratory traits, using the sweet potato whitefly () as a case study of a behaviorally-polymorphic migratory species lacking morphological or physiological differentiation. In addition, both adaptive and non-adaptive explanations for the empirically variable relationship between egg production and flight in wing-monomorphic insects are discussed. Finally, with respect to the largest order of insects (Hymenoptera), the role of sex determination mechanisms for haplodiploidy as a driver for natal dispersal (for inbreeding avoidance) versus philopatry (such as in local mate competition) is discussed.
我们对昆虫扩散和迁徙的认识进展在很大程度上仅限于翅二型物种或当前的遗传模型系统。然而，属于这些类别的物种仅占昆虫生物多样性的极小一部分，这可能导致概括存在问题。从这个角度来看，我提出了三个主题，在现有分子工具有限的情况下，当前和未来的研究可能会使我们对单型翅昆虫的这些过程有更多了解。首先，以甘薯粉虱（）作为缺乏形态或生理分化的行为多态性迁徙物种的案例研究，回顾阈值遗传模型，将其作为迁徙性状遗传性的可测试假设。此外，还讨论了单型翅昆虫中产卵与飞行之间经验性可变关系的适应性和非适应性解释。最后，针对最大的昆虫目（膜翅目），讨论了单倍二倍体性别决定机制作为出生扩散（用于避免近亲繁殖）与留居（如在本地配偶竞争中）驱动因素的作用。
