Servizio Emodialisi, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy.
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.
Nutrients. 2020 Jan 19;12(1):260. doi: 10.3390/nu12010260.
To measure daily sodium intake in patients on chronic hemodialysis and to compare the intake of nutrients, minerals, trace elements, and vitamins in patients who had a daily sodium intake below or above the value of 1500 mg recommended by the American Heart Association. Dietary intake was recorded for 3 days by means of 3-day diet diaries in prevalent patients on chronic hemodialysis. Each patient was instructed by a dietitian on how to fill the diary, which was subsequently signed by a next of kin. : We studied 127 patients. Mean sodium intake (mg) was 1295.9 812.3. Eighty-seven (68.5%) patients had a daily sodium intake 1500 mg (group 1) and 40 (31.5%) ≥ 1500 mg (group 2). Correlation between daily sodium intake and daily calorie intake was significant ( = 0.474 [0.327 to 0.599]; 0.0001). Daily calorie intake (kcal/kg/day) was lower in group 1 (21.1 6.6; 0.0001) than in group 2 (27.1 10.4). Correlation between daily sodium intake and daily protein intake was significant (r 0.530[0.392 to 0.644]; 0.0001). The daily protein intake (grams/kg/day) was lower in group 1 (0.823 0.275; 0.0003) than in group 2 (1.061 0.419). Daily intake of magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, and selenium was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. Daily intake of vitamin A, B2, B3, and C did not differ significantly between group 1 and group 2. Daily intake of vitamin B1 was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. Significantly lower was, in group 1 than in group 2, the percentage of patients within the target value with regard to intake of calories (11.5% vs. 37.5%; 0.001) and proteins (9.2% vs. 27.5%; 0.015) as well as of iron (23% vs. 45%; 0.020), zinc (13.8% vs. 53.8%; 0.008) and vitamin B1 (8.1% vs. 50%; 0.001). A low daily intake of sodium is associated with an inadequately low intake of calorie, proteins, minerals, trace elements, and vitamin B1. Nutritional counselling aimed to reduce the intake of sodium in patients on chronic hemodialysis should not disregard an adequate intake of macro- and micronutrients, otherwise the risk of malnutrition is high.
测量慢性血液透析患者的日常钠摄入量，并比较钠摄入量低于或高于美国心脏协会推荐的 1500mg 每日值的患者的营养物质、矿物质、微量元素和维生素的摄入量。通过 3 天饮食日记记录慢性血液透析患者的 3 天饮食摄入量。营养师指导每位患者填写日记，随后由近亲签字。我们研究了 127 名患者。平均钠摄入量（mg）为 1295.9 812.3。87 名（68.5%）患者的每日钠摄入量为 1500mg（组 1），40 名（31.5%）患者的每日钠摄入量为 1500mg （组 2）。每日钠摄入量与每日热量摄入呈显著相关（ = 0.474 [0.327 至 0.599]； 0.0001）。组 1 的每日热量摄入量（kcal/kg/天）低于组 2（21.1 6.6； 0.0001）。每日钠摄入量与每日蛋白质摄入量呈显著相关（r 0.530[0.392 至 0.644]； 0.0001）。组 1 的每日蛋白质摄入量（g/kg/天）低于组 2（0.823 0.275； 0.0003）。组 1 的每日镁、铜、铁、锌和硒摄入量明显低于组 2。组 1 和组 2 的每日维生素 A、B2、B3 和 C 摄入量无显著差异。组 1 的每日维生素 B1 摄入量明显低于组 2。与组 2 相比，组 1 中热量（11.5% 对 37.5%； 0.001）和蛋白质（9.2% 对 27.5%； 0.015）以及铁（23% 对 45%； 0.020）、锌（13.8% 对 53.8%； 0.008）和维生素 B1（8.1% 对 50%； 0.001）的目标值患者比例显著降低。低钠日摄入量与热量、蛋白质、矿物质、微量元素和维生素 B1 的摄入不足有关。旨在减少慢性血液透析患者钠摄入量的营养咨询不应忽视宏量和微量营养素的充足摄入，否则营养不良的风险很高。
