School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Public Health Nurs. 2020 Mar;37(2):281-286. doi: 10.1111/phn.12710. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
In this paper, I argue for the need to shift the focus of nursing research regarding breastfeeding from that of individual responsibility to include a more system-focused, population health approach. In the 2011, "Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding," the U.S. Surgeon General called attention to the pervasive disparities in breastfeeding outcomes in the United States. A plethora of nursing research exists aimed at addressing these disparities; however, this research leans toward a neoliberal perspective, mainly focusing on individual factors and failing to address the systemic inequities contributing to these disparities. A shift in nursing science that focuses research at a population level would more effectively support addressing disparities in breastfeeding outcomes and embrace a commitment to social justice. In focusing at a population level, specific inequities that must be addressed include the negative history of breastfeeding in the Black population, systemic racism, and gender inequality. Critical research methodologies are proposed as useful approaches to address these inequities. By engaging in this level of research and using a critical lens, nurse scientists broaden their scope of care to include the entire population, motivate needed social and policy change, facilitate the choice to breastfeed, and ultimately eliminate breastfeeding disparities.
在本文中，我主张将母乳喂养的护理研究重点从个人责任转移到更注重系统、以人群为中心的健康方法。在 2011 年的“支持母乳喂养行动呼吁”中，美国外科医生总呼吁关注美国母乳喂养结果中普遍存在的差异。有大量的护理研究旨在解决这些差异；然而，这项研究倾向于新自由主义观点，主要关注个人因素，而未能解决导致这些差异的系统性不平等问题。将护理科学的重点转移到人群层面，将更有效地支持解决母乳喂养结果的差异，并致力于社会正义。在关注人群层面时，必须解决的具体不平等问题包括黑人中母乳喂养的负面历史、系统性种族主义和性别不平等。提出了批判性研究方法，作为解决这些不平等问题的有用方法。通过进行这一级别的研究并使用批判性视角，护士科学家将他们的护理范围扩大到整个人群，推动社会和政策变革，促进母乳喂养的选择，并最终消除母乳喂养的差异。
