中老年男女感知的邻里环境与认知功能之间的关联：西班牙裔社区健康研究/拉丁裔社会文化辅助研究。
Associations between perceived neighborhood environment and cognitive function among middle-aged and older women and men: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study.
机构信息
Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois At Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
出版信息
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2020 Jun;55(6):685-696. doi: 10.1007/s00127-019-01829-0. Epub 2020 Jan 23.
PURPOSE
To examine cross-sectional associations between perceived neighborhood environment and cognitive function among middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latino women and men.
METHODS
Data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008-2011) and its Sociocultural Ancillary Study (2009-2010) were used. Participants were Hispanic/Latino women (n = 1812) and men (n = 1034) aged 45-74 years. Survey-weighted linear regression models were used to examine associations between self-reported perceived neighborhood environment (i.e., neighborhood social cohesion and problems categorized as quintiles, and neighborhood safety from crime categorized as low, medium, or high) with cognitive function (i.e., global cognition, verbal learning, memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed scores) in women and men. Final model adjusted for age, Hispanic/Latino background, language, field site, household income, education, years lived in neighborhood, and depressive symptoms.
RESULTS
Women in the lowest quintile of perceived neighborhood problems (vs. highest quintile) had higher global cognition (β 0.48, 95% CI 0.03, 0.94, p trend 0.229) and memory scores (0.60, 95% CI 0.11, 1.09, p trend: 0.060). Women in the highest quintile of perceived neighborhood social cohesion (vs. lowest quintile) had lower global cognition (β - 0.56, 95% CI - 1.02, - 0.09, p trend 0.004), verbal learning (B - 1.01, 95% CI - 2.00, - 0.03, p trend 0.015), verbal fluency (B - 2.00, 95% CI - 3.83, - 0.16, p trend 0.006), and processing speed (B - 2.11, 95% CI - 3.87, - 0.36, p trend 0.009). There was no association between perceived neighborhood safety from crime and cognition among women, or between any perceived neighborhood environment measure and cognition among men.
CONCLUSIONS
Middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latina women living in neighborhoods with the lowest perceived problems had higher global cognition and memory. Women living in neighborhoods with the highest perceived social cohesion had lower global cognition, verbal learning, verbal fluency, and processing speed.
目的
研究中年和老年西班牙裔/拉丁裔女性和男性感知的邻里环境与认知功能之间的横断面关联。
方法
使用 2008-2011 年西班牙裔社区健康研究/拉丁裔研究（Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos）及其社会文化辅助研究（2009-2010 年）的数据。参与者为年龄在 45-74 岁的西班牙裔/拉丁裔女性（n=1812）和男性（n=1034）。使用调查加权线性回归模型来研究自我报告的感知邻里环境（即邻里社会凝聚力和分为五个等级的问题，以及分为低、中、高三个等级的邻里犯罪安全感）与认知功能（即总体认知、语言学习、记忆、语言流畅性和处理速度评分）之间的关联在女性和男性中。最终模型调整了年龄、西班牙裔/拉丁裔背景、语言、现场、家庭收入、教育程度、在邻里居住的年限和抑郁症状。
结果
与感知邻里问题的最高五分位相比，感知邻里问题最低五分位的女性具有更高的总体认知（β0.48，95%CI 0.03，0.94，p 趋势 0.229）和记忆评分（0.60，95%CI 0.11，1.09，p 趋势：0.060）。感知邻里社会凝聚力最高五分位的女性（与最低五分位相比）的总体认知水平较低（β-0.56，95%CI-1.02，-0.09，p 趋势 0.004），语言学习（B-1.01，95%CI-2.00，-0.03，p 趋势 0.015），语言流畅性（B-2.00，95%CI-3.83，-0.16，p 趋势 0.006）和处理速度（B-2.11，95%CI-3.87，-0.36，p 趋势 0.009）。女性感知邻里犯罪安全感与认知之间没有关联，男性感知邻里环境测量与认知之间也没有关联。
结论
居住在感知问题最少的邻里的中年和老年西班牙裔/拉丁裔女性的总体认知和记忆能力较高。居住在感知社会凝聚力最高的邻里的女性的总体认知、语言学习、语言流畅性和处理速度较低。
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