Hunziker U A, Largo R H, Duc G
Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
Eur J Pediatr. 1988 Oct;148(1):19-23. doi: 10.1007/BF00441806.
A total of 484 premature children and a control group of 114 healthy term children underwent orthopaedic follow-up from birth to 5 years of age. At birth, metatarsus adductus was found to be more frequent in twins than in single infants (41% vs 16%; P less than 0.01), but occurred with equal frequency in single preterm and term infants (16% vs 12%). By 5 years of age, metatarsus adductus had resolved in all the term but only in 81% of the preterm children (P less than 0.05). In the preterm and term groups, knee axis (mean intermalleolar distance 22.0 mm vs 20.1 mm), tibial torsion (mean angle -1.2 degrees vs + 0.6 degrees) and angle of gait (mean angle + 1.5 degrees vs + 0.7 degrees) at 5 years were statistically insignificant. Hip function at 5 years was similar in normal preterm and term children but significantly decreased in preterm children with cerebral palsy, more so with regard to abduction (56 degrees vs 39 degrees, P less than 0.05) and extension (22 degrees vs 8 degrees, P less than 0.01). The difference between the sexes was insignificant in both the preterm and term groups.
共有484名早产儿和114名足月健康儿童作为对照组，接受了从出生到5岁的骨科随访。出生时，发现双胎中内收足比单胎婴儿更常见（41%对16%；P<0.01），但在单胎早产儿和足月儿中发生率相同（16%对12%）。到5岁时，所有足月儿的内收足均已恢复，而早产儿中只有81%恢复（P<0.05）。在早产儿和足月儿组中，5岁时的膝轴（平均内踝间距22.0 mm对20.1 mm）、胫骨扭转（平均角度-1.2度对+0.6度）和步态角度（平均角度+1.5度对+0.7度）无统计学意义。5岁时，正常早产儿和足月儿的髋关节功能相似，但脑瘫早产儿的髋关节功能显著下降，外展（56度对39度，P<0.05）和伸展（22度对8度，P<0.01）方面更是如此。早产儿和足月儿组中，性别差异均无统计学意义。
