Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, USA.
Annu Rev Pathol. 2020 Jan 24;15:395-417. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032748.
Nodding syndrome is a rare, enigmatic form of pediatric epilepsy that has occurred in an epidemic fashion beginning in the early 2000s in geographically distinct regions of Africa. Despite extensive investigation, the etiology of nodding syndrome remains unclear, although much progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease, as well as in treatment and prevention. Nodding syndrome is recognized as a defined disease entity, but it is likely one manifestation along a continuum of -associated neurological complications. This review examines the epidemiology of nodding syndrome and its association with environmental factors. It provides a critical analysis of the data that support or contradict the leading hypotheses of the etiologies underlying the pathogenesis of the syndrome. It also highlights the important progress made in treating and preventing this devastating neurological disease and prioritizes important areas for future research.
点头综合征是一种罕见的、神秘的儿童癫痫形式，自 21 世纪初以来在非洲不同地理区域呈流行趋势。尽管进行了广泛的调查，但点头综合征的病因仍不清楚，尽管在了解疾病的发病机制以及治疗和预防方面已经取得了很大进展。点头综合征被认为是一种明确的疾病实体，但它可能是一系列与相关的神经并发症中的一种表现。这篇综述考察了点头综合征的流行病学及其与环境因素的关联。它对支持或反驳该综合征发病机制的主要病因假说的数据进行了批判性分析。它还突出了在治疗和预防这种毁灭性的神经疾病方面所取得的重要进展，并确定了未来研究的重要优先领域。
