Mkindi Angela G, Tembo Yolice L B, Mbega Ernest R, Smith Amy K, Farrell Iain W, Ndakidemi Patrick A, Stevenson Philip C, Belmain Steven R
Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity and Ecosystems Management, Centre for Research, Agricultural Advancement, Teaching Excellence and Sustainability (CREATES), The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Box 447 Arusha, Tanzania.
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bunda, Malawi.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Jan 23;9(2):149. doi: 10.3390/plants9020149.
Common bean () is an important food and cash crop in many countries. Bean crop yields in sub-Saharan Africa are on average 50% lower than the global average, which is largely due to severe problems with pests and diseases as well as poor soil fertility exacerbated by low-input smallholder production systems. Recent on-farm research in eastern Africa has shown that commonly available plants with pesticidal properties can successfully manage arthropod pests. However, reducing common bean yield gaps still requires further sustainable solutions to other crop provisioning services such as soil fertility and plant nutrition. Smallholder farmers using pesticidal plants have claimed that the application of pesticidal plant extracts boosts plant growth, potentially through working as a foliar fertiliser. Thus, the aims of the research presented here were to determine whether plant growth and yield could be enhanced and which metabolic processes were induced through the application of plant extracts commonly used for pest control in eastern Africa. Extracts from and were prepared at a concentration of 10% and applied to potted bean plants in a pest-free screen house as foliar sprays as well as directly to the soil around bean plants to evaluate their contribution to growth, yield and potential changes in primary or secondary metabolites. Outcomes of this study showed that the plant extracts significantly increased chlorophyll content, the number of pods per plant and overall seed yield. Other increases in metabolites were observed, including of rutin, phenylalanine and tryptophan. The plant extracts had a similar effect to a commercially available foliar fertiliser whilst the application as a foliar spray was better than applying the extract to the soil. These results suggest that pesticidal plant extracts can help overcome multiple limitations in crop provisioning services, enhancing plant nutrition in addition to their established uses for crop pest management.
普通菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris）是许多国家重要的粮食和经济作物。撒哈拉以南非洲地区的菜豆作物产量平均比全球平均水平低50%，这主要是由于病虫害问题严重以及低投入的小农户生产系统加剧了土壤肥力低下。最近在东非进行的田间研究表明，常见的具有杀虫特性的植物能够成功防治节肢动物害虫。然而，要缩小普通菜豆的产量差距，仍需要进一步找到可持续的解决方案来解决其他作物供应服务问题，如土壤肥力和植物营养。使用杀虫植物的小农户声称，施用杀虫植物提取物可能通过作为叶面肥料来促进植物生长。因此，本文所呈现研究的目的是确定通过施用东非常用的用于害虫防治的植物提取物是否能够促进植物生长和提高产量，以及诱导了哪些代谢过程。将辣椒（Capsicum annum）和烟草（Nicotiana tabacum）的提取物配制成10%的浓度，作为叶面喷雾剂施用于无虫害的温室盆栽菜豆植株上，并直接施用于菜豆植株周围的土壤中，以评估它们对生长、产量以及初级或次级代谢产物潜在变化的影响。本研究结果表明，植物提取物显著提高了叶绿素含量、单株豆荚数和总体种子产量。还观察到其他代谢产物有所增加，包括芦丁、苯丙氨酸和色氨酸。植物提取物的效果与市售叶面肥料相似，而作为叶面喷雾剂施用比将提取物施用于土壤效果更好。这些结果表明，杀虫植物提取物有助于克服作物供应服务中的多重限制，除了其在作物害虫管理方面的既定用途外，还能增强植物营养。
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