Steklis Horst D, Raleigh Michael J, Kling Arthur S, Tachiki Ken
Department of Anthropology, Douglass College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
Am J Primatol. 1986;11(2):133-145. doi: 10.1002/ajp.1350110206.
This study examined the relationship between dominance rank and several physiological and behavioral measures in stable, captive, all-male squirrel monkey groups. Four groups, each containing three males, were observed for 12 weeks during the breeding season. Relative dominance ranking among males in each group was based on the direction of agonistic behaviors displayed. For each subject, whole blood serotonin (WBS), plasma testosterone (T), and cortisol (C) were sampled 4 to 6 times over the course of the study. Samples were separated by 1- to 2-week intervals. Each group had a stable linear dominance hierarchy. WBS had small intraanimal variance and was positively related to dominance rank. In contrast, T and C were highly variable within subjects and were unrelated to dominance rank. Among alpha males, concentrations of T and C were positively correlated, and WBS and C were negatively correlated. The effect of dominance rank on the relationship between within-animal fluctuations in WBS, T, and C and behavior was also assessed. In dominant, but not subordinate subjects, intraanimal fluctuations in WBS correlated with agonistic behavior initiated, and fluctuations in C and T correlated with huddling. In beta and gamma males, C was related to agonism received, and in gamma males to food stealing received. Dominance status also affected endocrine response to the stress of capture but not the rate of sneezing. Sneezing was positively correlated with T concentrations irrespective of dominance rank. These results extend the association between WBS and dominance rank previously reported in Old World monkeys to a New World monkey species, support previous suggestions that mean T and C titers are not reflective of dominance rank in well-established groups, and indicate that dominance rank affects adrenocortical response to the stress associated with capture and anesthesia.
本研究考察了稳定的圈养全雄松鼠猴群体中优势等级与几种生理和行为指标之间的关系。在繁殖季节，对4个组进行了为期12周的观察，每组包含3只雄性。每组雄性间的相对优势等级基于所表现出的攻击行为的方向。在研究过程中，对每个研究对象采集全血血清素（WBS）、血浆睾酮（T）和皮质醇（C）样本4至6次。样本采集间隔为1至2周。每个组都有稳定的线性优势等级体系。WBS在动物个体内的差异较小，且与优势等级呈正相关。相比之下，T和C在个体内变化很大，与优势等级无关。在首领雄性中，T和C的浓度呈正相关，而WBS和C呈负相关。还评估了优势等级对WBS、T和C在动物个体内波动与行为之间关系的影响。在占主导地位而非从属地位的研究对象中，WBS在动物个体内的波动与发起的攻击行为相关，C和T的波动与聚堆行为相关。在二级和三级雄性中，C与受到的攻击行为有关，在三级雄性中还与偷窃食物有关。优势地位也影响了对捕捉应激的内分泌反应，但不影响打喷嚏的频率。无论优势等级如何，打喷嚏都与T浓度呈正相关。这些结果将先前在旧世界猴中报道的WBS与优势等级之间的关联扩展到了新世界猴物种，支持了先前的观点，即在成熟群体中，平均T和C水平不能反映优势等级，并表明优势等级影响肾上腺皮质对与捕捉和麻醉相关应激的反应。
