University of Florida, United States.
University of Florida, United States.
Vaccine. 2020 Feb 18;38(8):2058-2069. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.027. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
Politically charged health propaganda films may have public health ramifications through decreased vaccination uptake, especially with expansive dissemination potential on social media. The nine-episode documentary series Vaccines Revealed, touted as foremost truth within the largest anti-vaccination closed Facebook group, advocates for non-medical childhood vaccination exemptions - a policy actively opposed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. This series is recommended specifically to parents who are on the fence about whether or not to vaccinate their children as well as new, first-time, and expectant mothers. Fourteen 'expert' panelists included: six M.D,'s who reportedly prefer natural approaches for everything from chiropractic to cardiology practice, a vaccine injury attorney, two professors, one psychiatrist, the founder of natural search engine Greenmedinfo.com, a nationally-recognized clinical research expert on the HPV vaccine, the president of the National Vaccine Information Center, and three parents of vaccine-injured children. Additionally, voiceover clips from an epidemiologist and former senior scientist at the CDC were played throughout the series as evidence of governmental conspiracy. Inclusion of these testimonies, particularly from white coat doctors, led to a perception of high source credibility. Qualitative analysis of this documentary series revealed five overarching themes: (perceived) solidified science, collusion and conspiracy, canary in the coal mine, fear appeals, and the morality and necessity of individual choice. As opposed to formulating a priori theoretical assumptions, grounded theory allowed an integrative theoretical explanation to emerge from the data. Researchers expanded cognitive dissonance, parasocial interaction, and social identification theories and described how viewers of Vaccines Revealed could come to align their views on vaccinations with those of the panelists featured in the videos.
政治色彩浓厚的健康宣传影片可能会通过降低疫苗接种率对公共健康产生影响，尤其是在社交媒体上广泛传播时。九集纪录片系列《疫苗揭秘》在最大的反疫苗接种 Facebook 封闭群组中被誉为最真实的疫苗信息，提倡儿童非医学疫苗豁免——这一政策受到美国儿科学会的强烈反对。该系列特别推荐给那些对是否为孩子接种疫苗犹豫不决的父母，以及新父母、初为人父母的父母和准父母。十四位“专家”小组成员包括：六位医学博士，他们据说从脊椎按摩疗法到心脏病学实践，都更喜欢自然疗法；一位疫苗伤害律师；两位教授；一位精神病学家；自然搜索引擎 Greenmedinfo.com 的创始人；一位全国知名的 HPV 疫苗临床研究专家；国家疫苗信息中心主席；以及三位疫苗受损儿童的家长。此外，该系列还穿插播放了流行病学家和前疾病预防控制中心高级科学家的旁白片段，作为政府阴谋的证据。这些证词，特别是来自穿白大褂的医生的证词，使人们对其产生了很高的可信度。对这部纪录片系列的定性分析揭示了五个总体主题：（感知到的）既定科学、勾结与阴谋、煤矿中的金丝雀、恐惧诉求以及个人选择的道德性和必要性。与先验理论假设不同，扎根理论允许从数据中出现综合理论解释。研究人员扩展了认知失调、准社会互动和社会认同理论，并描述了《疫苗揭秘》的观众如何将他们对疫苗的看法与视频中小组成员的观点相吻合。
