School of Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
Sugarman Health and Wellbeing, Leeds, UK.
J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2020 Oct;27(5):640-656. doi: 10.1111/jpm.12604. Epub 2020 Feb 9.
CS was developed to give healthcare professionals a space to reflect, problem solve and recognise their own practice. It is different from managerial supervision as it is for the benefit of the individual staff member's personal and professional development firstly, but can potentially benefit the quality of care delivered by the organisation. There have been a range of problems associated with inpatient mental health nurses' engagement in CS and in experiencing the benefits of CS. This is concerning for the delivery of high quality care and the recruitment and retention of inpatient mental health nurses.
This paper explores and identifies factors influencing adequate and effective CS for inpatient mental health nurses' personal and professional development. It identifies 6 themes incorporating enablers and barriers for inpatient mental health nurses' CS which lead to practice recommendations for improvement.
This paper advocates a needs analysis to improve access to CS for inpatient mental health nurses. This review specifically adds further knowledge relating to inpatient mental health nurses' engagement with CS which the application of the needs analysis could influence.
Introduction Clinical supervision (CS) has been recognized as a reflective mechanism in inpatient mental health nursing practice; however, it remains unclear what adequate and effective supervision entails for inpatient mental health nurses. Aim To explore factors which influence adequate and effective clinical supervision for inpatient mental health nurses' personal and professional development. Method Whittemore and Knafl's model for ensuring rigour was utilized. This included stages to address problem identification, literature searching, data evaluation, data analysis and presentation. Seven electronic databases were searched with hand searching/Internet searching. Fourteen retrieved articles were selected and appraised using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The data extracted from the papers were analysed thematically. Results The review synthesis resulted in identifying six themes: (a) what makes CS effective; (b) reflection; (c) the facilitation of professional identity and knowledge through CS; (d) participation; (e) knowledge and understanding of CS; and (f) the facilitation of personal awareness and coping. Discussion This review adds further knowledge on the identification of effective CS for inpatient mental health nurses as a defined occupational healthcare group. Implications for practice A suggested needs analysis is presented to improve access to CS options with the aim of promoting effective CS and increased engagement.
已知信息：CS 旨在为医疗保健专业人员提供一个反思、解决问题和认识自己实践的空间。它不同于管理监督，因为它首先是为了个人员工的个人和职业发展，但是它也有可能提高组织提供的护理质量。在参与 CS 和体验 CS 的益处方面，住院精神科护士已经遇到了一系列问题。这对于提供高质量的护理以及住院精神科护士的招聘和留用是令人担忧的。
本文增加的知识：本文探讨并确定了影响住院精神科护士个人和职业发展的 CS 充分性和有效性的因素。它确定了 6 个主题，其中包含了促进和阻碍住院精神科护士 CS 的因素，这为改善实践提出了建议。
对实践的影响：本文主张进行需求分析，以改善住院精神科护士获得 CS 的机会。本综述特别增加了与住院精神科护士参与 CS 相关的进一步知识，而需求分析的应用可能会影响这些知识。
摘要：介绍 CS 已被认可为住院精神科护理实践中的一种反思机制；然而，对于住院精神科护士来说，充分和有效的监督需要什么还不清楚。目的：探讨影响住院精神科护士个人和职业发展的 CS 充分性和有效性的因素。方法：Whittemore 和 Knafl 的确保严谨性模型被用于该研究。这包括解决问题识别、文献搜索、数据评估、数据分析和展示等阶段。七个电子数据库被搜索，并进行了手工搜索/互联网搜索。从检索到的 14 篇文章中选择并使用混合方法评价工具（MMAT）进行评价。从论文中提取的数据进行了主题分析。结果：综述综合分析结果确定了六个主题：（a）使 CS 有效的因素；（b）反思；（c）通过 CS 促进专业身份和知识；（d）参与；（e）对 CS 的理解和了解；以及（f）促进个人意识和应对能力。讨论：本综述进一步增加了关于确定有效的 CS 对住院精神科护士的认识，将他们作为一个特定的职业医疗保健群体。对实践的影响：提出了一项建议的需求分析，以改善获得 CS 选项的机会，目的是促进有效的 CS 和提高参与度。
