National Institute for Health Innovation, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
National Institute for Health Innovation, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Lancet Public Health. 2020 Apr;5(4):e204-e212. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30241-5. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
Media reports of a vaping epidemic among youth have raised concerns about the creation of a new generation of nicotine-dependent individuals who could graduate to cigarette smoking. We investigated the use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes in the youth of New Zealand from 2014 to 2019, with focus on daily use of these products as an indicator of potential dependence.
We analysed data from the Action for Smokefree 2025 Year-10 survey, an annual cross-sectional survey of tobacco use undertaken by almost half of all school students aged 14-15 years (21 504-31 021 students). The survey includes questions on whether students had ever smoked (even just a few puffs) and their current smoking behaviour (at least once a day, week, or month, or less often than once a month). In 2014, a question was added asking if students had ever tried an e-cigarette. Subsequent surveys asked about e-cigarette use at least once a day, week, or month, or less often than once a month. We compared the frequency of e-cigarette use with cigarette smoking by survey year, age, gender, ethnicity, and school decile (a proxy for socioeconomic status). We did χ analyses to compare categorical variables and Cochran-Armitage trend tests to assess changes over time. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine predictors of e-cigarette and cigarette use in 2019.
All measures of e-cigarette use increased and all measures of cigarette use decreased or remained static over time. Although the proportion of students who had ever tried e-cigarettes in 2019 (37·3%, 10 093 of 27 083), exceeded the proportion who had ever smoked (19·6%, 5375 of 27 354), daily use of products was low: e-cigarettes (3·1%, 832 of 26 532), cigarettes (2·1%, 575 of 27 212), both (0·6%, 159 of 27 633). In 2019, daily use of e-cigarettes was very low in never-smokers (0·8%, 175 of 21 385). Students who were Māori, Pacific, gender diverse, or from low-decile and mid-decile schools were more likely to be daily users of e-cigarettes or cigarettes, and males were more likely to be daily e-cigarette users, but less likely to smoke daily than females.
The overall decline in smoking over the past 6 years in New Zealand youth suggests that e-cigarettes might be displacing smoking. Ongoing monitoring will be important to determine whether the liberalisation of e-cigarette availability and marketing in New Zealand has any effect on long-term patterns of daily e-cigarette and cigarette use.
New Zealand Ministry of Health.
媒体对青少年吸电子烟流行情况的报道引起了人们对新一代尼古丁依赖者的担忧，这些人可能会转而吸食香烟。我们调查了新西兰青少年在 2014 年至 2019 年期间电子烟和香烟的使用情况，重点关注这些产品的日常使用情况，以此作为潜在依赖的指标。
我们分析了 2025 年无烟行动第 10 年调查的数据，这是一项针对年龄在 14-15 岁之间（21504-31021 名学生）的几乎所有在校学生进行的年度横断面吸烟使用情况调查。该调查包括学生是否曾经吸烟（即使只是几口烟）以及他们目前的吸烟行为（每天、每周或每月至少一次，或每月不到一次）。2014 年，增加了一个问题，询问学生是否曾经尝试过电子烟。随后的调查询问了电子烟的使用频率，包括每天、每周或每月至少一次，或每月不到一次。我们比较了不同年份、年龄、性别、族裔和学校十等分位数（社会经济地位的一个代表）的电子烟使用频率和香烟吸烟频率。我们使用 χ2 分析比较了分类变量，使用 Cochran-Armitage 趋势检验评估了随时间的变化。使用多因素逻辑回归确定了 2019 年电子烟和香烟使用的预测因素。
所有电子烟使用的衡量指标都在增加，而所有香烟使用的衡量指标都在减少或保持不变。尽管 2019 年曾尝试过电子烟的学生比例（37.3%，27083 人中的 1093 人）超过了曾吸烟的学生比例（19.6%，27354 人中的 5375 人），但产品的日使用率仍然较低：电子烟（3.1%，26532 人中的 832 人），香烟（2.1%，27212 人中的 575 人），两者都用（0.6%，27633 人中的 159 人）。2019 年，从不吸烟的学生中，电子烟的日使用率非常低（0.8%，21385 人中的 175 人）。毛利人、太平洋岛民、性别多样化或来自低十等分位数和中十等分位数学校的学生更有可能成为电子烟或香烟的每日使用者，男性更有可能成为电子烟的每日使用者，但比女性更不可能每天吸烟。
过去 6 年来，新西兰青少年吸烟率总体下降表明电子烟可能正在取代吸烟。持续监测将非常重要，以确定新西兰电子烟供应和营销的自由化是否会对长期的每日电子烟和香烟使用模式产生任何影响。
新西兰卫生部。
