Chen Ling, Deng Junqian, Hong Shu, Lian Hailan
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Fast-growing Tree & Agro-fibre Materials Engineering Center, Nanjing 210037, China.
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2020 Apr 1;565:368-377. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.048. Epub 2020 Jan 16.
The present work reports a rapid, tunable synthesis of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) carbon xerogels and their potential application as anode materials for lithium-ion battery. An iron-containing deep eutectic solvent (DES) is applied as both reaction medium and catalyst for the polymerization and graphitization. Water at different levels is employed as a co-solvent to mediate the polymerization and phase separation processes to produce a more-developed porous structure. The established binary-solvent synthesis strategy greatly simplifies the RF carbon xerogel preparation processes with a very short sol-gel time and a more acceptable ambient pressure drying. A duplex carbon configuration of rich microporosity (S = 566 m g) and expanded nanographite is achieved in the binary-solvent system with a DES mass fraction of 70%. The integrated structural merit is highly favorable for lithium storage, showing a reversible capacity of 633 mA h g at 0.1 A g and an excellent rate performance (205 mA h g at 5 A g) as well as superior cycling stability.
本工作报道了间苯二酚-甲醛（RF）碳干凝胶的快速、可调合成及其作为锂离子电池负极材料的潜在应用。一种含铁的低共熔溶剂（DES）被用作聚合和石墨化的反应介质及催化剂。不同含量的水被用作共溶剂来调节聚合和相分离过程，以产生更发达的多孔结构。所建立的二元溶剂合成策略极大地简化了RF碳干凝胶的制备过程，具有非常短的溶胶-凝胶时间和更易接受的常压干燥条件。在DES质量分数为70%的二元溶剂体系中实现了富含微孔（S = 566 m²/g）和膨胀纳米石墨的双相碳结构。这种综合的结构优点对锂存储非常有利，在0.1 A/g时显示出633 mA h/g的可逆容量、优异的倍率性能（5 A/g时为205 mA h/g）以及卓越的循环稳定性。
