Pashkov Vitalii, Liubchenko Marianna, Liubchenko Oleksii
Department of Civil, Commercial and Financial Law, Poltava Law Institute of Yaroslav Mudriy National Law University, Poltava, Ukraine
Department of Theoretical And Legal Disciplines, Poltava Law Institute of Yaroslav Mudriy National Law University, Poltava, Ukraine
Wiad Lek. 2019 Oct 31;72(10):1989-1994.
The article deals with the issues of international law concerning defense of the right to health of involuntarily displaced persons. As a result of the study, it has been demonstrated that providing of the right to health is essential as a requirement for countries, which, in turn, stem from consensus on international cooperation and general support for migrants. The latter are undeniably protected in accordance with documents proclaiming human rights, but for the sake of a more detailed explanation of their rights and the substance of the state’s obligations towards such persons, the international community has created a solid foundation in the form of specialized refugee documents that further emphasize the need protection of the latter as persons who, as a result of their movement, are vulnerable. The aim: To elucidate the international mechanisms for the protection of the right to health of involuntarily displaced persons.
The study used a set of general-philosophical and special-legal methods of scientific research, in particular, dialectical, historical, socio-political, formal-legal and comparative legal methods of scientific research. The historical method of scientific research has been used in the analysis of tendencies of the regulation of the refugee problem from the beginning of the 20th century. The comparative legal method is used in the analysis of the legal regulation of involuntarily displaced persons’ rights by international treaties and conventions, rules of national legislation of Ukraine and foreign legislation.
Authors analyze the issue of a migrant’s (social, medical etc.) rights under the principle of equality of refugees’ and citizens’ rights. Reviewing the mechanisms of guarding such rights under treaties it is obvious that these mechanisms have legislative and institutional features. Closer look is taken on the Council of Europe’s mechanism for protecting the rights of refugees with its own normative and institutional features.
As a result of the study, it has been demonstrated that migrants’ rights, including right to health, stem from consensus on international cooperation and general support for migrants. The latter are undeniably protected in accordance with the documents proclaiming human rights. In order to provide a more detailed explanation of their rights and the nature of the state’s obligations towards such persons, the international community has created a solid foundation in the form of specialized refugee documents, which further emphasize the need to protect the latter as persons who, as a result of their displacement, are vulnerable.
本文探讨了国际法中关于保护非自愿流离失所者健康权的问题。研究结果表明，保障健康权对于各国而言至关重要，这一要求源自国际合作的共识以及对移民的普遍支持。移民无疑受到了宣扬人权的文件的保护，但为了更详细地解释他们的权利以及国家对这些人的义务的实质内容，国际社会以专门的难民文件的形式奠定了坚实基础，这些文件进一步强调了保护后者的必要性，因为他们因流离失所而处于弱势地位。目的：阐明保护非自愿流离失所者健康权的国际机制。
本研究采用了一系列一般哲学和特殊法律的科学研究方法，特别是辩证、历史、社会政治、形式法律和比较法律的科学研究方法。科学研究的历史方法被用于分析20世纪初以来难民问题的规范趋势。比较法律方法被用于分析国际条约和公约、乌克兰国家立法规则以及外国立法对非自愿流离失所者权利的法律规范。
作者依据难民与公民权利平等原则分析了移民（社会、医疗等）权利问题。审视条约下保障此类权利的机制，显然这些机制具有立法和制度特征。对欧洲委员会保护难民权利的机制进行了更深入的研究，该机制具有自身的规范和制度特征。
研究结果表明，移民的权利，包括健康权，源自国际合作的共识以及对移民的普遍支持。移民无疑受到了宣扬人权的文件的保护。为了更详细地解释他们的权利以及国家对这些人的义务的性质，国际社会以专门的难民文件的形式奠定了坚实基础，这些文件进一步强调了保护后者的必要性，因为他们因流离失所而处于弱势地位。
