Deshko L, Kostenko Y, Koval I, Mikhailina T, Oliinyk O
1Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Ukraine.
2Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University; Ukraine.
Georgian Med News. 2020 Jul-Aug(304-305):177-182.
The article explores the issue of the human right to health as a fundamental one in a democratic society, international norms and standards, international obligations of Ukraine, as well as the financial activities of public authorities in the context of radical reform of the health care system in Ukraine. It is being focused onto the WHO's "Health for All" policy, as well as "Health 2020", which became the basis for a new European Health Strategy, the nationwide Health 2020: Ukrainian Dimension. It is emphasized that the financing function of the WHO and other international organizations is considered to be the key function of the health system. The purpose of this article is of this article is to identify the peculiarities of the financial activities of public authorities in the context of a thorough reform of the healthcare system in Ukraine and to evaluate the compliance of national legislation with international norms and standards. The methodological basis of the conducted research is the general methods of scientific cognitivism as well as concerning those used in legal science: methods of analysis and synthesis, formal logic, comparative law etc.; The norms of international documents of universal and regional status, adopted by the new legislation of Ukraine in the light of radical reform of the health care system, are analyzed. The object of the study is the public relations that arise during implementation of financial activities by public authorities.; The research revealed measures taken by the state to fulfill its obligations under international treaties in the field of healthcare: amending the current legislation and practice of its implementation; making changes to administrative practice; providing legal expertise of bills; provision of training in the study of international treaties and the practice of international judicial institutions to categories of the employees whose professional activity is related to law enforcement, as well as to the detention of people (imprisoned); measures taken to ensure the elimination of systemic deficiencies and the cessation of breaches within international treaties caused by these deficiencies. Attention is drawn to the relation between the concepts of "public finances" and "public financial activities". The peculiarities of the legal organization of financial activity of the state and bodies of local self-government, the content of financial activity in the sphere of healthcare are revealed. The role of the state and local self-government bodies in financial activity as subjects of financial function is revealed. The principles, methods, forms of financial activity are described. It is emphasized that the new model of financing healthcare in Ukraine is based on the following principles: financial protection; universality of coverage and equity of access to care; transparency and accountability; efficiency; free choice; competition among suppliers; predictability of the volume of funds for medical services in the state budget; subsidiarity.
本文探讨了健康权作为民主社会一项基本人权的问题、国际规范和标准、乌克兰的国际义务，以及乌克兰医疗体系激进改革背景下公共当局的财政活动。文章聚焦于世界卫生组织的“人人享有健康”政策以及“健康2020”，后者成为新的欧洲健康战略“健康2020：乌克兰视角”的基础。文章强调，世界卫生组织和其他国际组织的融资职能被视为卫生系统的关键职能。本文的目的是确定乌克兰医疗体系全面改革背景下公共当局财政活动的特点，并评估国家立法与国际规范和标准的符合程度。所开展研究的方法基础是科学认知主义的一般方法以及法律科学中使用的方法：分析与综合方法、形式逻辑、比较法等；分析了乌克兰新立法根据医疗体系激进改革所采用的具有普遍和区域地位的国际文件规范。研究对象是公共当局开展财政活动过程中产生的公共关系。研究揭示了国家为履行其在医疗领域国际条约下的义务所采取的措施：修订现行立法及其实施实践；改变行政实践；提供法案的法律专业意见；为其职业活动与执法相关的员工类别以及涉及羁押人员（被监禁者）提供国际条约研究和国际司法机构实践方面的培训；采取措施确保消除系统性缺陷并停止由这些缺陷导致的国际条约违约行为。文章提请注意“公共财政”和“公共财政活动”概念之间的关系。揭示了国家和地方自治机构财政活动的法律组织特点、医疗领域财政活动的内容。揭示了国家和地方自治机构作为财政职能主体在财政活动中的作用。描述了财政活动的原则、方法、形式。文章强调，乌克兰医疗融资新模式基于以下原则：财政保护；覆盖范围的普遍性和获得医疗服务的公平性；透明度和问责制；效率；自由选择；供应商之间的竞争；国家预算中医疗服务资金量的可预测性；辅助性。
