加利福尼亚的家庭教育家长：与儿童疫苗接种状况相关的态度、信念和行为。
Homeschooling parents in California: Attitudes, beliefs and behaviors associated with child's vaccination status.
机构信息
Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
出版信息
Vaccine. 2020 Feb 18;38(8):1899-1905. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.026. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
BACKGROUND
Senate Bill 277 (SB277) banned nonmedical exemptions from school-entry vaccination requirements for children attending classroom-based schools in California, but excluded homeschooled children from vaccination requirements. Thus, it was hypothesized that more parents would choose to homeschool to avoid vaccination requirements in response to SB277. There is limited literature on the vaccine attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors among the homeschooling population in the US, despite an overall increase in homeschooling nationwide and documented vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks within the homeschooled child population.
METHODS
Between November 2018 and January 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey among homeschooling parents with at least one child in grades K-8 who is currently enrolled in one of the legally-acceptable mechanisms to homeschool in California: (1) home-based private school satellite program (PSP), or (2) public or charter independent study program (ISP) with no classroom-based instruction.
RESULTS
Among 140 homeschooling parents from 8 schools in California, 71% reported that their youngest child in grade K-8 was up-to-date on immunizations at kindergarten-entry and 56% reported that they made the decision to homeschool their child after the implementation of SB277. Compared to homeschooling parents whose child was up-to-date at kindergarten entry, homeschooling parents whose child was not up-to-date at kindergarten entry reported higher concerns over vaccine safety and effectiveness, more frequently cited immunization mandates as a reason to homeschool, and were more likely to report having considered moving out of California due to immunization mandates.
CONCLUSION
There was variation in vaccine attitudes and beliefs within the homeschooling population in this sample. Immunization mandates were a factor in the decision to homeschool for some parents in this sample, supporting the hypothesis that vaccine-hesitant parents considered homeschooling as a way to avoid immunization mandates such as SB277. Future studies should explore the complexities around vaccine attitudes, beliefs and behaviors among homeschooling populations.
背景
参议院法案 277（SB277）禁止非医学豁免儿童进入加利福尼亚州课堂教学的学校入学疫苗接种要求，但将 homeschooled 儿童排除在疫苗接种要求之外。因此，有人假设，更多的父母会选择 homeschooling 以避免接种疫苗要求的 SB277。尽管全国 homeschooling 人数总体增加，并且有记录显示 homeschooled 儿童群体中出现了疫苗可预防疾病爆发，但在美国，关于 homeschooling 人群的疫苗态度、信仰和行为的文献有限。
方法
在 2018 年 11 月至 2019 年 1 月期间，我们对加利福尼亚州至少有一名孩子在 K-8 年级且目前就读于加利福尼亚州以下合法 homeschooling 机制之一的 homeschooling 父母进行了横断面在线调查：（1）家庭私人学校卫星计划（PSP），或（2）无课堂教学的公立或特许独立学习计划（ISP）。
结果
在加利福尼亚州的 8 所学校的 140 名 homeschooling 父母中，有 71%的人报告说，他们最小的 K-8 年级孩子在幼儿园入学时已经接种了最新的疫苗，56%的人报告说，他们是在 SB277 实施后决定 homeschooling 孩子的。与幼儿园入学时孩子接种疫苗的 homeschooling 父母相比，幼儿园入学时孩子未接种疫苗的 homeschooling 父母对疫苗安全性和有效性的担忧更大，更频繁地将免疫接种命令作为 homeschooling 的一个原因，并更有可能报告由于免疫接种命令而考虑搬出加利福尼亚。
结论
在本样本中，homeschooling 人群的疫苗态度和信仰存在差异。对于本样本中的一些父母来说，免疫接种命令是 homeschooling 的一个决定因素，这支持了疫苗犹豫不决的父母将 homeschooling 视为避免免疫接种命令（如 SB277）的一种方式的假设。未来的研究应该探索 homeschooling 人群中疫苗态度、信仰和行为的复杂性。
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