Scientific Police of Goiás State, Brazil.
Scientific Police of Goiás State, Brazil.
Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2020 May;46:102235. doi: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102235. Epub 2020 Jan 17.
Accumulation of sexual assault evidences unsubmitted to forensic DNA testing raises concern and it favors low rates of sexual crimes resolution. However, with the advent of DNA databases, these evidences have provided valuable information for investigations. In Brazil, the use of DNA databases is recent and few studies assessed their contribution to criminal resolution. In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of the DNA Database of Goias State, Central Brazil (BPG-SPTC/GO) in the resolution of sexual crimes without suspects through the insertion of profiles obtained from stored untested evidences collected between 2004 and 2018. Samples were submitted to DNA extraction by differential lysis, followed by the amplification of STR autosomal markers, capillary electrophoresis analysis in the ABI 3500 genetic analyzer and insertion in the BPG-SPTC/GO using CODIS 7 software. The rate of eligible samples for insertion and rates related to the obtained matches were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed with Epi Info ™ v.7 and BioEstat 5.0 software. A total of 275 samples were submitted to DNA testing, 202 out of them (73.5%) presented eligible profiles for insertion. A total of 176 (64%; 176/202) were inserted, one crime scene profile from each case. Overall, 60 hits were generated, all series sexual matches; a higher prevalence of forensic hits was detected (81.7%; 49/60) and a total of 32 criminal investigations were assisted (18.2%; 32/176). As the use of DNA databases in Brazil is recent and Brazilian criminal law has stringent requirements, our results reinforce that the use of DNA databases for stored sexual crimes evidences is a feasible forensic tool and that the increasing of the number of both types of profiles in DNA databases, evidences and criminals, causes positive reflects on the number of matches generated. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate if this effectiveness reflects positively on conviction rates of sexual crimes.
未提交法医 DNA 检测的性侵犯证据积累引起了人们的关注，这导致性犯罪的解决率较低。然而，随着 DNA 数据库的出现，这些证据为调查提供了有价值的信息。在巴西，DNA 数据库的使用是最近的事情，很少有研究评估其对犯罪解决的贡献。在这方面，本研究旨在评估巴西中部戈亚斯州 DNA 数据库（BPG-SPTC/GO）的潜力，通过插入 2004 年至 2018 年间收集的未检测证据中获得的存储档案，在没有嫌疑人的情况下解决性犯罪。样本通过差异裂解进行 DNA 提取，然后进行常染色体 STR 标记的扩增，在 ABI 3500 遗传分析仪中进行毛细管电泳分析，并使用 CODIS 7 软件插入 BPG-SPTC/GO。评估了可插入样本的比例和与获得的匹配相关的比例。使用 Epi Info ™ v.7 和 BioEstat 5.0 软件进行统计分析。共提交了 275 个样本进行 DNA 测试，其中 202 个（73.5%）样本的档案适合插入。总共插入了 176 个（64%；176/202），每个案件一个犯罪现场档案。总体而言，生成了 60 个命中，均为系列性匹配；检测到更高的法医命中率（81.7%；49/60），协助了 32 项刑事调查（18.2%；32/176）。由于巴西 DNA 数据库的使用是最近的事情，而且巴西刑法有严格的要求，因此我们的结果证实，使用 DNA 数据库存储性犯罪证据是一种可行的法医工具，并且两种类型的档案（证据和罪犯）在 DNA 数据库中的数量增加，会对生成的匹配数量产生积极的影响。然而，还需要进一步的研究来评估这种效果是否会对性犯罪的定罪率产生积极影响。
