Grup de Recerca Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management (FEHM), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
Oecologia. 2020 Mar;192(3):823-836. doi: 10.1007/s00442-020-04603-1. Epub 2020 Jan 25.
Land-use intensification (LUI) and biological invasions are two of the most important global change pressures driving biodiversity loss. However, their combined impacts on biological communities have been seldom explored, which may result in misleading ecological assessments or mitigation actions. Based on an extensive field survey of 445 paired invaded and control plots of coastal vegetation in SW Spain, we explored the joint effects of LUI (agricultural and urban intensification) and invasion on the taxonomic and functional richness, mean plant height and leaf area of native plants. Our survey covered five invasive species with contrasting functional similarity and competitive ability in relation to the native community. We modeled the response of native communities for the overall and invader-specific datasets, and determined if invader-native functional differences could influence the combined impacts of LUI and invasion. Overall, we found that urban intensification reduced taxonomic richness more strongly at invaded plots (synergistic interactive effects). In contrast, functional richness loss caused by urban intensification was less pronounced at invaded plots (antagonistic interactive effects). Overall models showed also that urban intensification led to reduced mean leaf area, while agriculture was linked to higher mean plant height. When exploring invader-specific models, we observed that the combined effects of agricultural and urban intensification with invasion were heterogeneous. At invaded plots, invader-native functional differences accounted for part of this variability. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering the interactive effects of global change pressures for a better assessment and management of ecosystems.
土地利用集约化（LUI）和生物入侵是导致生物多样性丧失的两个最重要的全球性变化压力因素。然而，它们对生物群落的综合影响很少被探索，这可能导致对生态系统的错误评估或缓解措施。基于对西班牙西南部沿海植被 445 对入侵和对照样地的广泛实地调查，我们探讨了 LUI（农业和城市集约化）和入侵对本地植物的分类和功能丰富度、平均植物高度和叶面积的综合影响。我们的调查涵盖了五个具有不同功能相似性和与本地群落竞争力的入侵物种。我们为整体数据集和入侵物种数据集建立了本地群落的响应模型，并确定入侵物种与本地物种之间的功能差异是否会影响 LUI 和入侵的综合影响。总体而言，我们发现城市集约化在入侵样地对分类丰富度的影响更为强烈（协同的交互作用）。相比之下，城市集约化对功能丰富度的影响在入侵样地不太明显（拮抗的交互作用）。总体模型还表明，城市集约化导致平均叶面积减小，而农业则与平均植物高度增加有关。当探索特定入侵物种的模型时，我们观察到农业和城市集约化与入侵的综合影响具有异质性。在入侵样地，入侵物种与本地物种之间的功能差异解释了部分变异性。我们的研究结果表明，考虑全球变化压力的交互作用对于更好地评估和管理生态系统非常重要。
