Dean P B, Kivisaari L, Kormano M
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Turku, Finland.
Invest Radiol. 1988 Sep;23 Suppl 1:S118-21. doi: 10.1097/00004424-198809001-00014.
The effect of contrast media (CM) dilution on contrast enhancement was studied using CM representing four structurally different molecular types at osmolalities ranging from 135 to 1340 mosm/kg. Diatrizoate (ionic monomer), iopamidol (nonionic monomer), ioxaglate (ionic dimer), and iodecol (nonionic dimer) were each given at a dose of 500 mgI/kg and at concentrations of both 300 and 150 mgI/mL. Contrast media concentrations were measured using iodine 125I. Tissue blood volumes were determined using human serum albumin labeled with 131I. For each of the four CM at each of the two concentrations and after each of five time intervals following injection (0, 15, 40, 120, and 300 seconds), five rats were killed (total = 200 rats). Blood and 14 other tissues were studied. Dilution of the CM did not lead to any lower iodine tissue concentrations, iodine distribution volumes, plasma volumes, or hematocrit. The authors conclude that lowering CM osmolality by dilution with water should improve tolerance without affecting CT contrast enhancement.
使用代表四种结构不同分子类型、渗透压范围为135至1340 mosm/kg的造影剂（CM），研究了CM稀释对造影增强的影响。分别以500 mgI/kg的剂量、300和150 mgI/mL的浓度给予泛影酸盐（离子单体）、碘帕醇（非离子单体）、碘克沙醇（离子二聚体）和碘海醇（非离子二聚体）。使用碘125I测量造影剂浓度。使用用131I标记的人血清白蛋白测定组织血容量。对于两种浓度下的四种CM中的每一种以及注射后五个时间间隔（0、15、40、120和300秒）中的每一个之后，处死五只大鼠（总共 = 200只大鼠）。对血液和其他14种组织进行了研究。CM的稀释并未导致碘组织浓度、碘分布容积、血浆容积或血细胞比容降低。作者得出结论，用水稀释降低CM渗透压应可提高耐受性，而不影响CT造影增强。
