Department of Veterinary Sciences, Experimental Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, Experimental Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2020 May;11(3):101375. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101375. Epub 2020 Jan 15.
Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) are the most common tick-borne diseases in Germany. We collected Ixodes ricinus ticks from 16 high-risk and four low-risk sites distributed in Lower Bavaria and Upper Palatinate based on the number of human TBE cases recorded at the Robert Koch Institute from 2001 to 2009. A total of 8805 questing ticks (8203 nymphs, 602 adults) were collected in 2010 and examined in pools for the presence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) using real-time RT-PCR. Overall TBEV prevalence evaluated as the minimum infection rate (MIR) was 0.26 % (23 positive pools/8805 ticks in 1029 pools). TBEV was detected at seven of the 16 high-risk sites, where MIR ranged from 0.16 to 2.86 %. A total of 3969 ticks were examined by PCR for infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) targeting the 5 S-23 S rRNA intergenic spacer (IGS) region. IGS nucleotide sequences were used to determine genospecies. Selected positive Borrelia samples were subjected to PCR and sequencing targeting the OspA gene, providing 46 sequences for molecular phylogenetic analysis. Of the 3969 questing ticks, 506 (12.7 %) were positive for B. burgdorferi s.l. Seven B. burgdorferi s.l. genospecies were identified: B. afzelii (41.3 %), B. garinii (19 %), B. valaisiana (13.8 %), B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (11.1 %), B. spielmanii (0.4 %), B. lusitaniae (0.2 %), and Candidatus B. finlandensis (0.6 %). Mixed infections were identified in 13.6 % of the ticks. The rate of infection in questing ticks varied among sites from 5.6 % (72 examined, four positive) to 29.5 % (88 examined, 26 positive). B. burgdorferi s.l. occurred at all 20 sites, whereas TBEV was detected only at the high-risk sites where more human TBE cases were reported compared to low-risk sites.
莱姆病和蜱传脑炎（TBE）是德国最常见的蜱传疾病。我们根据罗伯特·科赫研究所（Robert Koch Institute）2001 年至 2009 年记录的人类 TBE 病例数量，从巴伐利亚州低地和上普法尔茨州的 16 个高风险和 4 个低风险地点收集了蓖麻蜱。2010 年共采集了 8805 只游离蜱（8203 只若虫，602 只成虫），并用实时 RT-PCR 对采集的蜱进行了 TBE 病毒（TBEV）的检测。根据最小感染率（MIR）评估，TBEV 的总体流行率为 0.26%（1029 个蜱池中 23 个阳性池/8805 只蜱）。在 16 个高风险地点中的 7 个地点检测到 TBEV，其 MIR 范围为 0.16%至 2.86%。对 3969 只蜱进行了 PCR 检测，以检测 Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato（s.l.）的感染情况，检测的目标是 5'S-23'S rRNA 基因间区（IGS）。通过 IGS 核苷酸序列确定了种系。选择了一些阳性的 Borrelia 样本，用针对 OspA 基因的 PCR 和测序进行检测，为分子系统发育分析提供了 46 个序列。在 3969 只游离蜱中，506 只（12.7%）检测到 Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. 确定了 7 种 Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. 种系：阿费尔西亚种（Afzelia）（41.3%）、加林亚种（Garinii）（19%）、瓦莱州种（Valaisiana）（13.8%）、博尔纳病种（Borreliosis）（11.1%）、斯皮尔曼尼亚种（Spielmanii）（0.4%）、卢西亚尼种（Lusitaniae）（0.2%）和芬兰尼亚种（Finlandensis）（0.6%）。在 13.6%的蜱中发现了混合感染。游离蜱的感染率在各地点之间存在差异，从 5.6%（72 只蜱，4 只阳性）到 29.5%（88 只蜱，26 只阳性）。所有 20 个地点均发现 Borrelia burgdorferi s.l.，而仅在高风险地点检测到 TBEV，这些地点报告的人类 TBE 病例比低风险地点多。
