Govindasamy Rohini, Periyasamy Sugavanesh, Narayanan Mohan, Balaji Venkateshwarapuram Rengasamy, Dhanasekaran Manikandan, Karthikeyan Balakrishnan
Department of Periodontics, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Public Health Dentistry, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2020 Jan-Feb;24(1):7-14. doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_228_19. Epub 2020 Jan 2.
The poor maternal oral health in the pregnancy has an impact on the fetus through the oral-systemic link. Various studies have proven the relationship between poor maternal oral health and the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hence, periodontal therapy becomes indispensable during pregnancy. Previous systematic reviews and meta-analysis conducted to assess the influence of periodontal therapy on the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes have shown inconsistent results. Hence, we conducted the present review to assess the influence of periodontal therapy on the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes including the studies published till date.
We searched for the relevant studies using the databases PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE on the randomized controlled trials evaluating the influence of periodontal treatment on adverse pregnancy outcomes from 2000 to 2018. Nineteen studies were considered for the present review based on the predetermined criteria. The risk of bias tool by Cochrane was used to evaluate the risk of bias among the studies.
Among the studies included for the present review, the occurrence of preterm birth among the pregnant mothers who received periodontal therapy ranged from 0% to 53.5%, while in the control group, the range was 6.38%-72%. The rate of LBW among the mothers treated for periodontal disease ranged from 0% to 36%, and in the control group, it varied from 1.15% to 53.9%.
With best possible evidence, it can be inferred that nonsurgical periodontal therapy is safe during pregnancy. Even though it does not completely avert the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, it can be recommended as a part of antenatal care.
孕期母亲口腔健康状况不佳会通过口腔 - 全身联系对胎儿产生影响。多项研究已证实母亲口腔健康不佳与不良妊娠结局的发生之间存在关联。因此，牙周治疗在孕期变得不可或缺。先前进行的旨在评估牙周治疗对不良妊娠结局影响的系统评价和荟萃分析结果并不一致。因此，我们进行了本综述，以评估牙周治疗对不良妊娠结局的影响，包括截至目前已发表的研究。
我们使用PUBMED、MEDLINE、CINAHL和EMBASE数据库搜索了2000年至2018年期间评估牙周治疗对不良妊娠结局影响的随机对照试验相关研究。根据预定标准，本综述纳入了19项研究。使用Cochrane偏倚风险工具评估各研究中的偏倚风险。
在本综述纳入的研究中，接受牙周治疗的孕妇母亲早产发生率在0%至53.5%之间，而对照组的发生率在6.38%至72%之间。接受牙周疾病治疗的母亲中低体重儿发生率在0%至36%之间，对照组则在1.15%至53.9%之间。
基于现有最佳证据，可以推断非手术牙周治疗在孕期是安全的。尽管它不能完全避免不良妊娠结局的发生，但可作为产前护理的一部分予以推荐。
