Tonks Sarah, Stephenson Zoe
School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Psychiatr Psychol Law. 2018 Sep 13;26(1):21-49. doi: 10.1080/13218719.2018.1482574. eCollection 2019.
Many studies identify the risk factors for joining street gangs, but few explore disengagement. This article provides a systematic review of the factors which contribute to disengagement from gangs. Understanding this area is of paramount importance to developing policy and guiding practitioners working with this population, given the impact this lifestyle has on gang members and society as a whole. Seven academic databases, reference lists of relevant publications, an online search engine and a government database were used to identify relevant studies. Inclusion and exclusion criteria and quality assessment methods were employed. Data were then extracted and synthesised. Of 2515 citations, seven were found to have methodological rigour. The findings suggest there is not one definitive reason for gang exit but rather that multiple factors contribute. Variability was found in the quality scores. The limitations of this review are discussed, along with clinical implications and suggestions for future research.
许多研究确定了加入街头帮派的风险因素，但很少有研究探讨脱离帮派的问题。本文对导致脱离帮派的因素进行了系统综述。鉴于这种生活方式对帮派成员乃至整个社会的影响，了解这一领域对于制定政策以及指导从事这一群体工作的从业者至关重要。我们使用了七个学术数据库、相关出版物的参考文献列表、一个在线搜索引擎和一个政府数据库来识别相关研究。采用了纳入和排除标准以及质量评估方法。然后对数据进行提取和综合。在2515条引用文献中，发现有七篇具有方法学严谨性。研究结果表明，脱离帮派并非只有一个确定的原因，而是多种因素共同作用的结果。质量得分存在差异。本文讨论了该综述的局限性，以及临床意义和对未来研究的建议。
