Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; email:
NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.
Annu Rev Immunol. 2020 Apr 26;38:203-228. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-080719-015428. Epub 2019 Jan 27.
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have been attracting increasing attention over the last few years as a potent unconventional T cell subset. Three factors largely account for this emerging interest. Firstly, these cells are abundant in humans, both in circulation and especially in some tissues such as the liver. Secondly is the discovery of a ligand that has uncovered their microbial targets, and also allowed for the development of tools to accurately track the cells in both humans and mice. Finally, it appears that the cells not only have a diverse range of functions but also are sensitive to a range of inflammatory triggers that can enhance or even bypass T cell receptor-mediated signals-substantially broadening their likely impact in health and disease. In this review we discuss how MAIT cells display antimicrobial, homeostatic, and amplifier roles in vivo, and how this may lead to protection and potentially pathology.
黏膜相关不变 T（MAIT）细胞作为一种有效的非常规 T 细胞亚群，近年来受到越来越多的关注。有三个因素在很大程度上解释了这种新兴的兴趣。首先，这些细胞在人类中大量存在，无论是在循环中还是在某些组织中，如肝脏。其次是发现了一种配体，这种配体揭示了它们的微生物靶点，也允许开发工具来准确地在人类和小鼠中追踪这些细胞。最后，似乎这些细胞不仅具有多种功能，而且对一系列炎症触发因素敏感，这些触发因素可以增强甚至绕过 T 细胞受体介导的信号——极大地拓宽了它们在健康和疾病中的潜在影响。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 MAIT 细胞如何在体内表现出抗菌、稳态和放大器作用，以及这如何导致保护和潜在的病理。
