Ghent University, Belgium.
J Athl Train. 2020 Mar;55(3):274-281. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-499-18. Epub 2020 Jan 27.
The shoulder joint and girdle are highly loaded during field hockey play. To optimize performance and to better substantiate preventive programs, it is important to gain insight into shoulder-girdle muscle function and balance in this athlete population.
To evaluate relative scapular muscle-activity ratios through surface electromyography during maximal isokinetic strength testing in elite male field hockey players compared with nonathletes.
Cross-sectional study.
Institutional laboratory.
Twenty-five elite field hockey players from the Belgian National Team and 25 age- and sex-matched nonathletes.
INTERVENTION(S): We measured bilateral activity in 4 scapular muscles (upper trapezius [UT], middle trapezius [MT], lower trapezius [LT], and serratus anterior [SA]) during an external-internal rotation and protraction-retraction isokinetic shoulder protocol.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Relative scapular muscle-activity ratios, or balance ratios, of the UT : MT, UT : LT, UT : SA, SA : MT, and SA : LT.
We noted lower ratios bilaterally in the athlete group compared with the control group for the UT : MT, UT : LT, and SA : MT ratios during protraction, retraction, and external rotation, respectively, and unilaterally (dominant side only) for the UT : LT ratio during protraction. No consistent trend was present for established side differences in the studied balance ratios.
Compared with nonathletes, elite field hockey players had altered intramuscular (within the trapezius) and intermuscular (between the trapezius and SA) balance ratios during maximal shoulder-girdle contractions, with relatively more MT and LT activity. This may reflect a sport-specific adaptation to optimize coordinated activity of the scapulothoracic muscles, meeting the specific demands of field hockey movements and simultaneously better protecting the shoulder against injury. Our results can assist in optimizing high-performance training and in supporting injury-prevention programs, which are key to both successful and long-lasting athletic careers.
在曲棍球运动中，肩部和肩部带承受着很高的负荷。为了优化表现，并更好地证实预防计划，了解肩部带肌肉功能和平衡对这一运动员群体非常重要。
通过表面肌电图评估精英男性曲棍球运动员与非运动员在最大等速力量测试中相对肩胛肌活动比率。
横断面研究。
机构实验室。
来自比利时国家队的 25 名精英曲棍球运动员和 25 名年龄和性别匹配的非运动员。
我们在外部-内部旋转和前伸-后缩等速肩部方案中测量了 4 块肩胛肌（上斜方肌[UT]、中斜方肌[MT]、下斜方肌[LT]和前锯肌[SA]）的双侧活动。
UT：MT、UT：LT、UT：SA、SA：MT 和 SA：LT 的相对肩胛肌活动比率或平衡比率。
与对照组相比，运动员组在伸展、回缩和外旋时双侧的 UT：MT、UT：LT 和 SA：MT 比值以及单侧（仅优势侧）的 UT：LT 比值均较低，在研究的平衡比值中未出现一致的优势侧差异趋势。
与非运动员相比，精英曲棍球运动员在最大肩部带收缩时，肩胛带肌肉内（斜方肌内）和肌肉间（斜方肌和前锯肌之间）平衡比率发生改变，MT 和 LT 活动相对较多。这可能反映了一种特定于运动的适应性，以优化肩胛胸肌群的协调性活动，满足曲棍球运动的特殊需求，同时更好地保护肩部免受伤害。我们的研究结果可以帮助优化高性能训练，并支持预防受伤的计划，这是成功和持久的运动生涯的关键。
