Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911, MA, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Water Res. 2020 Apr 1;172:115511. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115511. Epub 2020 Jan 17.
High-pressure membrane filtration (reverse osmosis and nanofiltration) is used to purify different water sources, including wastewater, surface water, groundwater and seawater. A major concern in membrane filtration is the accumulation and growth of micro-organisms and their secreted polymeric substances, leading to reduced membrane performance and membrane biofouling. The fundamental understanding of membrane biofouling is limited despite years of research, as the means of microbial interactions and response to the conditions on the membrane surface are complicated. Here, we discuss studies that investigated the microbial diversity of fouled high-pressure membranes. High-throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene have shown that Burkholderiales, Pseudomonadales, Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales and Xanthomonadales frequently obtain a high relative abundance on fouled membranes. The bacterial communities present in the diverse feed water types and in pre-treatment compartments are different from the communities on the membrane, because high-pressure membrane filtration provides a selective environment for certain bacterial groups. The biofilms that form within the pre-treatment compartments do not commonly serve as an inoculum for the subsequent high-pressure membranes. Besides bacteria also fungi are detected in the water treatment compartments. In contrast to bacteria, the fungal community does not change much throughout membrane cleaning. The stable fungal diversity indicates that they are more significant in membrane biofouling than previously thought. By reviewing the biodiversity and ecology of microbes in the whole high pressure membrane filtration water chain, we have been able to identify potentials to improve biofouling control. These include modulation of hydrodynamic conditions, nutrient limitation and the combination of cleaning agents to target the entire membrane microbiome.
高压膜过滤（反渗透和纳滤）用于净化不同的水源，包括废水、地表水、地下水和海水。膜过滤的一个主要关注点是微生物及其分泌的聚合物物质的积累和生长，这导致膜性能下降和膜生物污染。尽管经过多年的研究，但由于微生物相互作用的手段及其对膜表面条件的反应非常复杂，对膜生物污染的基本理解仍然有限。在这里，我们讨论了研究污染高压膜微生物多样性的研究。16S rRNA 基因的高通量扩增子测序表明，伯克霍尔德氏菌、假单胞菌、根瘤菌、鞘氨醇单胞菌和黄单胞菌经常在污染膜上获得高相对丰度。在不同的原水类型和预处理隔室中存在的细菌群落与膜上的群落不同，因为高压膜过滤为某些细菌群提供了选择性环境。在预处理隔室中形成的生物膜通常不作为后续高压膜的接种物。除了细菌外，在水处理隔室中也检测到真菌。与细菌不同，真菌群落在整个膜清洗过程中变化不大。稳定的真菌多样性表明，它们在膜生物污染中的作用比以前认为的更为重要。通过综述整个高压膜过滤水链中微生物的生物多样性和生态学，我们已经能够确定改善生物污染控制的潜力。这些包括调节水动力条件、营养限制以及清洁剂的组合，以针对整个膜微生物组。
