Zhang Hongli, Zhu Shilin, Yang Jie, Ma Aijie
School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Mar 15;14(6):1167. doi: 10.3390/polym14061167.
Polymeric membranes, such as polyamide thin film composite membranes, have gained increasing popularity in wastewater treatment, seawater desalination, as well as the purification and concentration of chemicals for their high salt-rejection and water flux properties. Membrane biofouling originates from the attachment or deposition of organic macromolecules/microorganisms and leads to an increased operating pressure and shortened service life and has greatly limited the application of polymeric membranes. Over the past few years, numerous strategies and materials were developed with the aim to control membrane biofouling. In this review, the formation process, influence factors, and consequences of membrane biofouling are systematically summarized. Additionally, the specific strategies for mitigating membrane biofouling including anchoring of hydrophilic monomers, the incorporation of inorganic antimicrobial nanoparticles, coating/grafting of cationic bactericidal polymers, and the design of multifunctional material integrated multiple anti-biofouling mechanisms, are highlighted. Finally, perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in anti-biofouling polymeric membranes are shared, shedding light on the development of even better anti-biofouling materials in near future.
聚合物膜，如聚酰胺复合薄膜膜，因其高脱盐率和水通量特性，在废水处理、海水淡化以及化学品的纯化和浓缩方面越来越受欢迎。膜生物污染源于有机大分子/微生物的附着或沉积，导致操作压力增加和使用寿命缩短，极大地限制了聚合物膜的应用。在过去几年中，人们开发了许多策略和材料来控制膜生物污染。在这篇综述中，系统地总结了膜生物污染的形成过程、影响因素和后果。此外，还重点介绍了减轻膜生物污染的具体策略，包括亲水性单体的锚定、无机抗菌纳米颗粒的掺入、阳离子杀菌聚合物的涂层/接枝以及集成多种抗生物污染机制的多功能材料的设计。最后，分享了对抗生物污染聚合物膜面临的挑战和机遇的展望，为在不久的将来开发更好的抗生物污染材料提供了思路。
