Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Collegiate Hall, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, United Kingdom; Sheffield Hallam University, Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield S10 2LW, United Kingdom.
Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Collegiate Hall, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, United Kingdom.
J Biomech. 2020 Mar 5;101:109632. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109632. Epub 2020 Jan 16.
Joint kinetics of the lower limb (hip, knee, ankle, midfoot and metatarsophalangeal joints) were investigated during the acceleration phase of bend sprinting and straight-line sprinting. Within the bend sprinting literature, it is generally accepted that sprint performance on the bend is restricted by moments in the non-sagittal plane preventing the production of force in the sagittal plane. However, there is limited evidence in conditions representative of elite athletics performance that supports this hypothesis. Three-dimensional kinematic and ground reaction force data were collected from seven participants during sprinting on the bend (36.5 m radius) and straight, allowing calculation of joint moment, power and energy. No changes in extensor moment were observed at the hip and knee joints. Large effect sizes (g = 1.07) suggest a trend towards an increase in left step peak ankle plantarflexion moment. This could be due to a greater need for stabilisation of the ankle joint as a consequence of non-sagittal plane adaptations of the lower limb. In addition, the observed increase in peak MTP joint plantar-flexor moment might have implications for injury risk of the fifth metatarsal. Energy generation, indicated by positive power, in the sagittal plane at the MTP and ankle joints was moderately lower on the bend than straight, whilst increases in non-sagittal plane energy absorption were observed at the ankle joint. Therefore, energy absorption at the foot and ankle may be a key consideration in improving bend sprinting performance.
下肢（髋关节、膝关节、踝关节、中足部和跖趾关节）的联合动力学在弯道冲刺和直线冲刺的加速阶段进行了研究。在弯道冲刺文献中，人们普遍认为，弯道冲刺的表现受到非矢状面的力矩限制，这些力矩阻止了矢状面的力量产生。然而，在代表精英运动表现的条件下，支持这一假设的证据有限。在 36.5 米半径的弯道和直线上冲刺时，从 7 名参与者收集了三维运动学和地面反作用力数据，允许计算关节力矩、功率和能量。髋关节和膝关节的伸展力矩没有变化。较大的效应量（g=1.07）表明，左步峰值踝关节跖屈力矩有增加的趋势。这可能是由于下肢的非矢状面适应导致踝关节需要更大的稳定性。此外，观察到的第五跖骨的第五跖骨关节跖屈肌力矩峰值的增加可能对受伤风险有影响。矢状面在 MTP 和踝关节处的正功率表示能量产生，在弯道上比直线上略低，而踝关节处观察到非矢状面能量吸收增加。因此，足部和踝关节处的能量吸收可能是提高弯道冲刺表现的关键考虑因素。
