Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
Arch Pharm Res. 2020 Jan;43(1):110-117. doi: 10.1007/s12272-020-01217-2. Epub 2020 Jan 27.
Despite various therapeutic or diagnostic developments, cancer is still one of the most lethal diseases due to insufficiently adequate treatments and the delay of the early stage of disease detection. An image-guided drug delivery system (IGDDS), as a real-time noninvasive imaging assessment of therapeutic response, has the strong potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer because its imaging property offers the quantification of nanomedicine at the intended disease sites, the possible assurance of adequate treatment and elimination of undesirable delay of early-stage diagnosis due to low resolution. One of potential modality that overcomes these challenges could be the nanoconfinement of gold (Au) nanoparticles within other nanoparticles called "Particle-in-Particle (PIP)", which is a strong candidate of cancer treatment because of its "theranostic (therapy + diagnostics)" advantages including imaging (e.g., CT) and therapeutic hyperthermia application. In this review, we will elaborate on the current application of theranostic by nanoconfinement. Then, we will narrow down the gold nanoparticle-mediated theranostic application and its nanoconfinement advantages. Finally, the future direction for maximum nanoconfinement mediated cancer therapy will be included.
尽管在治疗或诊断方面有了各种进展，但癌症仍然是最致命的疾病之一，这是由于治疗方法不够完善，以及疾病早期检测的延误。图像引导的药物输送系统（IGDDS）作为一种实时的非侵入性治疗反应成像评估方法，具有改善癌症诊断和治疗的巨大潜力，因为它的成像特性可以在预期的疾病部位对纳米药物进行定量，可能确保治疗的充分性，并消除由于分辨率低而导致的早期诊断的不必要延迟。一种可能克服这些挑战的方法是将金（Au）纳米粒子纳米限制在其他纳米粒子内，称为“粒子内粒子（PIP）”，由于其“治疗诊断（治疗+诊断）”优势，包括成像（例如 CT）和治疗性热疗应用，它是癌症治疗的强有力候选者。在这篇综述中，我们将详细阐述纳米限制的治疗诊断的当前应用。然后，我们将缩小金纳米粒子介导的治疗诊断应用及其纳米限制优势的范围。最后，将包括最大限度地利用纳米限制进行癌症治疗的未来方向。
